Circular of Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture on issuing the Technical opinions on Summer Maize production in 2017

In order to optimize the planting structure of corn, vigorously popularize the key production technologies of corn, promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, improve production efficiency, save cost and increase efficiency, and ensure the stable and sustainable development of corn production, the Provincial Agriculture Department organized relevant experts to study and formulate the "Technical opinions on Summer Maize production in 2017", which is now issued to you. Please seriously organize and implement it in the light of local reality.

Agricultural Department of Shandong Province

23 May 2017

Technical opinions on Summer Maize production in 2017

In order to vigorously popularize the key practical techniques of increasing production, such as "one increase and four changes", "precision sowing" and "simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer", promote the agronomic integration of agricultural machinery, improve the level of mechanization, advocate green production mode, achieve high yield and high efficiency, guide the adjustment and optimization of planting structure, and promote the stable and sustainable development of maize production in our province.

I. adjust and optimize the planting structure to ensure sustainable development

In this year's corn production, all localities should actively adjust and optimize the corn planting structure on the basis of consolidating corn planting in advantageous producing areas, and appropriately develop silage corn, fresh corn and special corn according to market demand and the development of local aquaculture industry. keep the production of grain corn generally stable and advocate crop rotation.

Specifically, first, in areas where production conditions are poor, corn production depends on nature for food, and the yield is low and unstable, we should actively change the cultivation of drought-tolerant crops such as miscellaneous grains, beans and potatoes. Second, in areas where the aquaculture industry is developed, forage should be developed according to demand, grain and feeding should be taken into account, and planting structure should be improved. The third is to appropriately develop waxy corn, sweet corn and other fresh corn to improve the dietary structure and improve economic benefits. The fourth is to advocate corn-soybean, corn-peanut intercropping or rotation, which can not only play the role of legume crops in nitrogen fixation, but also improve efficiency.

The advantageous areas of corn production should also continue to strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, increase the promotion of green planting model, tap the yield potential and ensure the stability of corn production. Actively introduce new varieties, new fertilizers, new pesticides and new planting methods, demonstrate, popularize and assemble to form a comprehensive technical model suitable for the local area. We should do a good job in infrastructure and technical reserves, store grain in technology and land, ensure stable corn production and achieve sustainable development.

Second, make preparations before sowing to improve the quality of sowing

Before sowing summer corn, farmers should be instructed to do a good job in the preparation of selected varieties and previous stubble treatment, and agricultural machinists should be instructed to do a good job in machinery selection and debugging, so as to create good conditions for sowing at the right time and improving sowing quality.

(1) selection of varieties. Select varieties which are suitable for mechanized operation, resistant to close planting, lodging resistance, strong adaptability, suitable ripening period, stable yield and high efficiency. Grain corn can use Zhengdan958, Denghai 605, Jinhai 5, Liaoyu 22, Ludan 818, Tiantai 33, Denghai 618, Yuyu 30, Jiyu 901, Qingnong 11, Nongxing 207, Hualiang 78, Huasheng 801, Dika 517,Ludan 9088, Liansheng 216and Bangyu 339; silage corn can use Shannong Feed Yu 1 and other varieties; fresh corn can use Qingnong 206, Shannong 207, Jinuo 33, Ludan 801, Xixing colorful fresh waxy and other varieties. The varieties with shorter growth period, rapid grain dehydration, moderate ear position and lodging resistance should be selected for mechanically harvested grains.

(2) carefully selected seeds. Select high quality seeds with high purity, high germination rate, strong vigor and suitable for single precision sowing. The seeds should be carefully selected to ensure that the seedlings are complete, uniform and strong after fine sowing. Seed purity ≥ 98%, seed germination rate ≥ 95%, purity ≥ 98%, water content ≤ 13%.

(3) seed treatment. Chemical coating or seed dressing is used to prevent a variety of diseases and insect pests, mainly rough dwarf disease, head smut, seedling blight and underground pests. To prevent maize rough dwarf disease, seed dressing or coating with internal absorption insecticides can be used. 70% imidacloprid SE can be used to mix seeds or coat seeds according to the amount of seeds. 2% Likexiu or 50% carbendazim can be used to mix seeds with 0.2% of the seed amount to prevent fungal diseases such as head smut and seedling blight. Underground pests can be treated with 40% methyl isofenphos according to 0.2% of the seed amount, and can also control pests such as gray planthopper and corn aphid. The effect of disease prevention and control can be improved by adopting unified technology, centralized connection and promotion of the whole village.

(4) Mechanical selection. Select multi-function, high-precision corn sowing machinery. Farmers with small production scale can use rotary spoon type or finger clip type corn precision seeding machine; farmers or cooperatives with larger production scale can choose air suction type or finger clip type corn precision planter; in areas with poor crushing quality of wheat straw, corn precision planter can be selected to clear stubble (or kill stubble); in areas with soil consolidation or with large fertilizer, deep pine multi-layer fertilization corn precision planter can be selected. In the areas where the soil layer is deep and the straw is scattered evenly, the "three-position" fertilization corn precision seeding machine can be selected.

(5) live broadcast of stubble. The suitable sowing time is in the first and middle of June, and corn should be sown as soon as possible after wheat harvest. When harvesting wheat, a combine harvester with straw shredding and scattering function is used, and the straw is chopped and returned to the field at the same time, the wheat straw chopping length ≤ is 10 cm, the cut length qualified rate ≥ 95%, the spraying non-uniformity rate ≤ 20%, and the missing cutting rate ≤ 1.5%. The stubble is low during wheat harvest, and the stubble is no more than 20 cm above the ground. After returning wheat straw to the field, sow corn immediately to realize the "one-stop" operation of wheat machine harvesting straw chopping and returning field, corn machinery precision sowing and deep application of chemical fertilizer, and stubble-breaking deep pine no-tillage planter can be used if possible. The sowing date of summer corn in the areas where rough dwarf disease has occurred year after year can be postponed to after June 10, and the seriously diseased plots can be sown after 15 days.

(6) sowing mode and density. Corn precision sowing machine no-tillage stubble precision sowing, row spacing of 60 cm, sowing depth of 3 cm 5 cm. To achieve consistent sowing depth, line spacing, soil cover and suppression, so as to prevent missing broadcasts, replays or suppressing wheel skidding. The sowing density should be about 10% higher than the scheduled harvest density. Density-tolerant corn is generally sown with about 5000 grains per mu in the field, 5500 grains per mu in the demonstration field, and 5800-6000 grains per mu in the key field. The varieties of large panicle type are generally sown about 4600 grains per mu in the field and about 5300 grains in the high-yield field.

(7) moisture and fertilizer. The suitable soil relative water content when sowing is 70%-75%. If the soil moisture is insufficient, it should be sowed before irrigation, so as to avoid affecting the sowing machinery and delaying the sowing time after irrigation. Proper shallow sowing combined with watering "masked water" is beneficial to the cultivation of strong seedlings. The base fertilizer or seed fertilizer is applied with a seeder with a fertilization device. Give priority to deep pine multi-layer fertilization and "three-position" fertilization corn precision sowing machinery with sufficient base fertilizer. With the application of base fertilizer, it should be applied deeply on the side, and it should be separated from the seeds at an appropriate distance to prevent burning seeds and seedlings.

(8) Chemical weeding and insect pests. The seeder with spraying device is used to spray closed soil herbicide at one time, or close weeding when soil moisture is suitable before emergence, mainly with compound preparation, supplemented by a single agent. the main varieties are Acetochlor atrazine, Acetochlor Acetochlor atrazine, Metolachlor atrazine, Metolachlor atrazine, Acetochlor atrazine, Acetochlor, Metalchlor and so on. Pesticide control of insect pests before maize emergence, 10% imidacloprid 10 g spray per mu, 25% nymph 20 g per mu can be used to control gray planthopper nymph, and attention should be paid to field edge and ditch edge spray control.

Third, strengthen the management at the seedling stage and lay a solid foundation for high yield

The main purpose is to maintain the appropriate soil moisture needed for seedling emergence, ensure safe emergence, control diseases, insect pests and weeds, and ensure that the seedlings are complete, uniform and strong.

(1) pour "head-covered water". When the soil moisture is insufficient, "covered water" is poured after sowing to ensure sufficient soil moisture, seed germination as soon as possible and sowing the whole seedling as soon as possible, so as to ensure the appropriate planting density.

(2) Chemical weeding. Fields that have not closed weeding or failed to close weeding can be weeded after seedlings with 48% butachlor atrazine or 4% nicotinosulfuron and so on in maize 3-5 leaf stage and weed 2-5 leaf stage. Do not re-spray, do not leak spray, ensure the quality of weeding and pay attention to the safety of drug use.

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. At the seedling 4-5 leaf stage, the leaf surface was sprayed with 1500 times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder or 500 times of 50% carbendazim to prevent and control brown spot. Spray of diflubenzuron and fenvalerate EC can be used to control armyworm, and 10% imidacloprid spray can be used to control thrips. According to the occurrence of gray planthopper, beet armyworm and cotton bollworm, insecticides such as methylvitamin salt and chlorobenzamide were selected to control them. The use of nicosulfuron herbicide plots, avoid the use of organophosphorus pesticides, so as to avoid drug damage.

(4) timely drainage in the event of waterlogging. In case of stagnant water in the field at the seedling stage, drainage systems such as field ditches should be dredged in time to ensure smooth drainage during the growth of corn. After drainage, the soil should be loosened in time, the soil consolidation should be broken, and the soil moisture should be released and breathed.

Fourth, pay attention to the management of heading stage and set up the shelf of high yield.

The main task is to strengthen management, promote strong leaves and stalks, promote large ears, ensure that the population is reasonable, individual sturdy, vegetative growth and reproductive growth coordination, and build a high-yield shelf.

(1) pull out small plants. Small, weak and diseased plants in the field should be pulled out in time, reduce nutrient consumption and disease transmission, improve population structure, and create a good environment for normal plants.

(2) topdressing panicle fertilizer. The period from small trumpet mouth to big trumpet mouth is the key period of fertilization for summer corn, and attention should be paid to topdressing panicle fertilizer. Panicle fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer 10-15 kg per mu, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied. Deep application was made at about 10 cm from the plant, with a depth of about 10 cm.

(3) preventing drought and waterlogging. The period from the big trumpet mouth to the male stage is the critical period of water demand for maize, which is especially sensitive to water. If there is drought, it should be irrigated in time, especially to prevent "sticking neck drought", resulting in non-synchronous development of female and male ears. Excessive soil moisture will also cause hindrance in development, increase in empty culm rate and lodging. Measures such as ploughing and soil cultivation can be taken to promote aerial root development and improve plant lodging resistance.

(4) "one prevention and double reduction". Diseases such as large and small spot, sheath blight and insect pests such as corn borer, armyworm and aphids are easy to occur at panicle stage. Spraying insecticidal, germicidal compound or mixed insecticides at the big trumpet mouth stage of corn can control many kinds of diseases and insect pests in the middle and later stage, reduce the base number of ear insects in the later stage, reduce the epidemic degree of diseases, protect the normal growth of plants, and improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves.

(5) Chemical control and anti-collapse. In the plots with high fertilizer and water, high density, over-growth and high risk of lodging, spraying chemical control agents during 7-11 leaf development of maize can appropriately control plant height, promote photosynthetic capacity of plant leaves, enhance stress resistance and lodging resistance, and improve population structure. The fields with reasonable density and normal growth, the medium-and low-yield fields with low fertility and the replanting plots lacking seedlings are not suitable for chemical control.

Pay attention to grain stage management, prevent premature senility and increase grain weight

The main goal is to improve the seed setting rate, maintain roots and protect leaves, prolong the functional period, preserve the number of grains and increase grain weight.

(1) artificial assisted pollination. Pay close attention to the situation of corn pollination and take timely measures in case of special weather. Artificial emasculation and auxiliary pollination can be carried out in high-yield key fields and demonstration fields. In case of continuous overcast and rain or extreme high temperature during flowering and pollination of corn in the field, remedial measures such as artificial auxiliary pollination should also be taken to effectively improve the seed setting rate and strive to increase the number of grains per ear. Where conditions permit, small drones can be used to fly low to assist in dispersing powder.

(2) supplementary application of flower and grain fertilizer. In order to increase the photosynthetic efficiency and prolong the functional period of leaves, nitrogen fertilizer was applied at flowering stage. Urea is the main fertilizer of flower grain, and the amount of urea should be increased in the field with high yield. Application can be combined with watering or topdressing before rainfall to improve fertilizer efficiency. It can also be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea as foliar fertilizer to prolong the functional period of leaves and increase the transformation of photosynthates.

(3) pay attention to drought and waterlogging prevention. During the flowering and filling period, the field corn was watered in time in case of drought, and the land with high yield was watered as soon as it was dry. Waterlogging in the later stage will also reduce the root activity, the leaves turn yellow and cause lodging, so we should pay attention to drainage.

VI. Mechanical harvest at the right time to ensure a bumper harvest

The main purpose is to harvest in the right time, give full play to the high yield potential of varieties, reduce the loss rate of machine harvest, and ensure high yield and bumper harvest.

When the milk line of summer corn disappears, it will be harvested by combine harvester. The appropriate late harvest without delaying the sowing of the next crop of wheat is recommended to be harvested on October 1-5.

The timely harvest should be promoted in large areas, the whole village and the whole town, agricultural machinery and agronomy, so as to dispel farmers' fear of theft and loss, and improve the work efficiency of combine harvesters. Drying or drying should be carried out in time after harvest to prevent mildew.