How to plant sweet potatoes efficiently?

Improved varieties are the most important factor in increasing yield and income in sweet potato production. So the first step to grow a good sweet potato is to select the right variety and raise seedlings. The following will introduce the planting techniques of sweet potato.

First, select fresh sweet potato varieties with high quality, high yield and disease resistance.

Select high-quality and healthy sweet potato virus-free seedlings: virus-free sweet potato (seedling), use stem tip peeling technology to remove the virus of degraded sweet potato, restore the variety character, generally can increase production by 30%, 50%, or even double the yield. Healthy seedlings generally have few nodes and take root. The criteria for selecting strong seedlings are generally as follows: the mass of 100 seedlings is ≥ 400g, the height of seedlings is more than 25cm, the top three leaves are flush, the leaves are larger and thicker, the leaves are green, the stems are thick, the internodes are short, there are 5-7 nodes, there are no air roots on the stems, thick cut sap, no diseases and insect pests, and the seedling age is about 30 days.

Second, choose regular channels and introduce qualified seed potatoes (seedlings)

Sweet potato virus disease, root rot disease and stem nematode disease are the three major diseases in northern potato areas. once infected, it will cause yield reduction or even no harvest. Therefore, the plant quarantine system must be strictly implemented and the introduction of seed potato seedlings from disease areas is prohibited. It should be introduced from regular scientific research and breeding units, and can be planted on a large scale only after trial planting.

3. Key points of seedling breeding techniques of virus-free sweet potato.

1. Seed potato preparation: according to different uses, excellent virus-free sweet potato varieties with high quality, high yield, strong stress resistance, storage resistance and good marketability should be selected according to different uses.

2. medicament soaking seeds: soak seeds with 50% carbendazim 600 times solution for 5 minutes, or with 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 500-700 times solution for 5 minutes, and propose to dry.

3. Cultivate strong seedlings: using traditional fire Kang, solar greenhouse and electric hotbed to raise seedlings. The suitable planting period of spring sweet potato is one month before spring potato planting, and the seedlings are usually raised in the middle and late March. Choose sunny day seeding, use oblique planting method, head pressure tail 1PUBG 3, so that the top and bottom uneven, distinguish between the head and tail, sunny side up, there should be a proper gap between the two potatoes. The planting density is controlled at 30 kg / m2. After the seed potato row is finished, sprinkle a layer of fine soil to fill the gap between the potato blocks, water until the bed soil is completely wet, and cover with 3 cm fine sand to keep warm and moisturize, which is conducive to seedling emergence.

4. Nursery bed management: in the embryonic stage, the main measure is to increase the temperature and heat preservation. The bed temperature should be kept at 33 ℃-35 ℃, and the budding time should not exceed 3-5 days. In the growth stage, the temperature should be kept at 25 ℃-30 ℃. At this stage, 70% of the maximum soil water holding capacity is generally maintained. 80%. In addition to ventilation, watering, at the same time, potato seedlings fully accept the sun; seedling stage, potato seedlings grow to more than 15 cm, should stop watering and heating measures, reduce the seedbed temperature, generally maintained at 18 ℃-20 ℃, after 4-5 days, seedling height 25-30 cm can be collected. Strong seedlings should be the main way to collect seedlings.

5. Seedling collection: when the seedlings grow to 25-30 cm, they should be harvested in time. The commonly used method of collecting rice seedlings is the high cutting method, leaving stubble more than 3 cm, in order to prevent the disease. The best time to pick seedlings is early in the morning, and the seedlings cut should be planted on the same day to facilitate survival. If it cannot be planted in time, it can be placed in a cool and ventilated place (not suitable for sprinkling water) to strive for early planting in the future. After cutting the seedlings, the seedlings were transferred to the main stage to promote the growth of seedlings. The bed temperature should rise to 30 ℃ soon after cutting seedlings, so that the wound can heal quickly under high temperature. The seedlings were not watered on the same day, but watered once the next day. Generally, topdressing can be carried out the next day after cutting the second stubble seedlings, and 0.2 kg / m2 of ammonium sulfate can be applied once. After fertilization, the foliage is washed with clean water.