A complete collection of cultivation methods of Morchella!

Morchella is a kind of rare and precious edible fungus, which can be divided into wild and artificial cultivation, wild ones generally grow in the forest, and the national production of artificial cultivation is also very low: therefore, the market price of Morchella is high. The editor has sorted out the simple version and the full version of the two planting methods for you to choose from!

1. Planting method of simple version of Morchella

⑴ understands the ecological conditions of Morchella. The first is the soil, the ph value of Morchella growing soil is about 6.5-7.5. in neutral or slightly alkaline soil, the soil is black soil, and so on. Then there is the air factor, generally in the fallen leaves, there is enough air, and then there are higher requirements for temperature and humidity. It is easy to grow in spring and autumn every year, requiring a large temperature difference of about 20 degrees and humidity of about 70 percent. Then there is the light, and the weak light is good for the growth of Morchella.

Planting method of Morchella

⑵ knows what ingredients are needed for the cultivation of Morchella. You can use whatever you have, including sawdust, wheat bran, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum, humus, corncob, plant ash, etc., in proportion to 75%, 20%, 1%, 1%, 4%, and the ratio of material to water is 11.4.

⑶ knows the cultivation method, mix well in the material, put it in plastic, first of all, take off the bag outside, choose in the place where the light is not strong, in width, depth 20-25cm, the length is not limited, after finishing, you can pour less water, and then use lime water to kill pests.

⑷ outdoor raw material cultivation, in the half-overcast and half-sunny place, where the soil is loose and well drained, dig the same pit, water the bottom of the pit first, spread an ingredient on the top, spread the fungus on it, about 4-5cm, then on the top, spread the second layer, sow seeds in the same method, and then cover it with humus soil with a thickness of 3-5cm, heat preservation, moisturizing, sprinkling water appropriately.

⑸ is dehydrated and planted indoors, after disinfection in the mushroom room, a plastic film is laid on each bed, then 3cm thick humus is laid, and then arranged one by one, about 40, after arrangement, spray water, add soil, and then maintain soil temperature and air humidity.

two。 Planting method of complete version of Morchella

There are two modes of Morchella cultivation in greenhouse and intercropping with wheat, the benefit per mu is higher, and the latter model is more than 6000 yuan.

⑴ cultivation in greenhouse

Environmental requirements: Morchella is a low-temperature and high-humidity fungus, its growth period is longer, in addition to lower temperature, but also need a large temperature difference to stimulate mycelium differentiation. The temperature of mycelium growth is 18: 22 ℃, the temperature of fruiting body formation and development is 4.4-16 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 75%-90%. Avoid strong direct light, weak scattered light is conducive to the growth and development of the fruiting body, therefore, the best greenhouse cultivation site should be in the Italian poplar forest, the time should be from October to December.

Cultivation material formula: formula 1: 42% crushed corncob, 20% pure sawdust, 13% bean shell, 20% wheat bran, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 1% gypsum, 1% sugar, 2% plant ash. Formula 2: 75% of fine sawdust, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 1% of gypsum, 3% of mature soil. Formula 3: 75% of cottonseed hull, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 3% of mature soil. Formula 4: 75% of crop straw powder, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 2% of mature soil. Choose one of the above formulations, the material-water ratio of the culture material is 1 ∶ 1.4, and the water content should be 60%-70%.

Bag-making inoculation: mix the culture material according to the ratio of material to water and accumulate and ferment for 20 days, fill it with polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bags with specifications of 17cm × 33cm, each bag is 500kg 600g, sterilize at 100℃ for 8 hours, and then enter the strain. Using the two-end inoculation method, the mouth of the bag was sealed and cultured at 22: 25 ℃. The mycelium could grow in the bag in 30 days, and could be cultivated in 5 to 6 days after the bag was full.

Cultivate fruit bodies: after disinfection, the greenhouse is first covered with plastic film on each bed surface, which is covered with 3 cm thick rotten soil, and the soil should be evenly and flattened, and then the bacterial sticks that take off the plastic bags are arranged on the mushroom bed one by one, 40 per square meter of bed. After setting up the bacterial stick, spray water evenly once with a spray can, then cover the fine soil with 3 cm thick and 5 cm thick, and then cover the surface with 2 cm thick deciduous leaves of broad-leaved trees to keep the soil moist, and fruit bodies can grow after 1 month. It is generally cultivated from October to December, and mushrooms can be produced from the beginning of March to early April of the following year, with a yield of 50,75kg of Morchella per mu.

Intercropping between ⑵ and wheat

Morchella began to sow in late October, the same time as wheat, and grew slowly after the emergence of wheat seedlings.

Method of operation: after sowing wheat, rake the land between rows, then mix the ingredients according to the proportion of 75% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 3% phosphate fertilizer and 2% gypsum, and sprinkle them evenly on the ridges (200,000 250kg per mu). Then mix the ingredients fully with the soil, and the soil lacking moisture should be evenly irrigated at one time, and the general soil should maintain 70% 90% humidity. After the irrigated water is seeped, the bacteria are directly inserted into the soil, covered with 2-3 cm thick fine soil and sprayed with appropriate amount of water to help the bacteria moisturize. The yield of Morchella in intercropping with wheat was 7580kg per mu, and the yield of intercropping with good intercropping technique was higher.

Environmental requirements: Morchella can generally grow in mature soil, yellow loam and sandy mixed soil. In order to facilitate the growth of Morchella, the soil with pH value of 6.5 to 7.5 should be selected in the wheat field of intercropping Morchella. It is better to plant wheat in the north-south direction and sow seeds in the way of large and small rows. Among them, the width of the large row is 120 cm, the width of the middle aisle is 40 cm, and the width of the small row is about 20 cm.

The cultivation method of bacterial material: one is to cultivate the bacterial bag first and then plant it into the wheat field. The bacterial bag culture material can be composed of 75% crop straw powder, 20% wheat bran, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 1% gypsum, 1% lime, 2% humus soil, or 75% fine sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 1% gypsum and 3% mature soil. According to the ratio of material to water 1 ∶ 1.3, the material is accumulated and fermented for 21 days, and the water content is 65%. Polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bags with specifications of 17cm × 33cm were used, each bag containing 550g and 650g. The methods of subsequent sterilization, inoculation and culture were the same as those of greenhouse cultivation. The mycelium can be cultivated in wheat field 5-6 days after the mycelium is full.

3. Post-planting management technology

Morchella likes to be wet, and the growing environment must maintain a certain humidity. No matter planting in greenhouse or intercropping with wheat, the dry and humidity of the field should be checked at any time after planting, so that it can be drained in time after rain and sprayed in time when it is dry. When the temperature drops after autumn, measures such as plastic film mulching and straw mulching should be taken in time. There are more Rain Water in early spring, the temperature is suitable, and the mycelium and fruiting body grow well. In general, in early spring, if the temperature is between 4 and 16 ℃ within a few weeks, it can stimulate the formation of fruiting body; if the temperature changes sharply (lower than 4 ℃ or higher than 18 ℃), it will affect the development of fruiting body. In short, maintaining a suitable temperature and humidity for Morchella in early spring is the key to successful cultivation.

Morchella cultivated in greenhouse must be watered or sprayed more times in case of drought in spring. When the relative humidity of the field air is less than 80%, it is necessary to spray water. Morchella intercropped with wheat generally does not need artificial water spraying after wheat turns green in spring, because wheat has the advantage of well-developed root system, which can balance water and maintain humidity.

If you encounter cloudy and rainy days during harvest, you should try to pick mushrooms before rain, or build an arch shed before rain to cover with plastic film, so as to prevent Rain Water from splashing mud on the mushroom body and affecting product quality. Morchella should be cleaned immediately after harvest, and dried or dried in time (do not smoke with firewood, so as not to affect the quality), put it in a sealed bag according to quality, and store it in a cool, dry, ventilated place for sale.