How to fertilize Gramineae rice for high yield? What is the amount and method of fertilizer application?

Rice is one of the most important and oldest crops in the genus Oryza, belonging to direct economic crops. For growers, how to fertilize rice to achieve high yield is extremely concerned, so how much fertilizer should be applied to rice? What is the method? In fact, if you want high yield, you must pay attention to "nutrition", that is, to fertilize well. Fertilization, then it is necessary to pay attention to the amount and method of fertilization.

fertilizer application rate for rice

The fertilizer requirement of rice in its whole life is 2.0~2.4 kg N, 0.9~1.4 kg P 2O 5 and 2.5~2.9 kg K 2 per 100 kg rice. The fertilizer application rate of rice should be determined according to the factors such as soil nutrient supply, rice target yield, fertilizer utilization rate and the nature of various fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer supplied by soil can be estimated as about 60% of the total fertilizer required by rice, and the fertilizer utilization rate varies with different seasons. The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 30%~40%, the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer is about 40%, the utilization rate of calcium superphosphate is about 30%, and the utilization rate of organic fertilizer is about 20%. Considering the factors of soil supply capacity, fertilizer utilization rate and production level, under the condition of medium soil nutrients, nitrogen (N) 12 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 5.5 kg and potassium (K2O) 10 kg should be applied to 500 kg rice per mu.

Fertilization throughout the rice life can generally be divided into basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer.

1. Base fertilizer is fertilizer applied to soil before rice transplanting. Organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer should be combined as much as possible. Base fertilizer should account for about 50% of total nitrogen fertilizer. It is generally applied in combination with the last harrowing before transplanting.

2. Tillering fertilizer should be applied early, generally accounting for about 30% of the total nitrogen fertilizer, and applied within 1 week after transplanting or transplanting.

3. Panicle fertilizer can be divided into flower promotion fertilizer and flower protection fertilizer according to the period of topdressing and the effect of fertilizer, but in production practice, panicle fertilizer is generally not divided into flower promotion fertilizer and flower protection fertilizer, but applied 40~50 days after transplanting, generally accounting for about 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer.

4. After heading and flowering, determine the grain fertilizer according to the variety type and growth situation. Generally, it can be sprayed once at the late stage of heading and flowering and at the filling stage. 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used every time for each mu. 50~ 60kg water is sprayed in the evening to increase the grain weight and reduce the effect of empty grains.

Fertilization methods for rice

1. Pay attention to chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The effect of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application on soil fertility improvement is very significant, it can increase soil organic matter storage, improve soil organic matter composition, increase soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements content, strengthen soil fertility and fertility, improve soil physical properties and moisture status.

2. N, P or N, P, K combined application. Under the condition of high yield cultivation, rice is easy to be green, lodging, rice blast, and empty grain rate increases. Therefore, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied together in fertilization.

3. Appropriate and formula fertilization. The fertilizer application amount for high-yield cultivation should be appropriate and the proportion should be reasonable. Different fertilizer application amount should be determined according to different fertility plots to ensure high yield.

The last thing to note is that if you want high rice yield, you must also control diseases and pests.

1. Control objects should be clear: according to the different types of diseases and insect pests in the field, corresponding pesticide control should be taken. When pesticides are mixed, the content of pesticides should be clear, especially for the prevention and control of ear neck plague. Tricyclazole has two formulations, so it must not be mistaken.

2. Do not arbitrarily increase the amount of pesticides.

3. Choose disease-resistant varieties and apply fertilizer reasonably.