How should chemical fertilizers be stored and used in hot weather?

Entering the summer day, it is the hot and humid season, some chemical fertilizers are not willing to buy because of improper storage and improper use, or fertilization can not achieve the desired effect. So in the hot summer, how to preserve and fertilize in order to give full play to the fertility of chemical fertilizer?

1. Storage of chemical fertilizers

Many agricultural merchants have sold chemical fertilizers well, but many people have suffered a lot of losses because of improper preservation of chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are not easily caked, resulting in nutrient loss, thus affecting product quality.

Hygroscopicity is the bane of chemical fertilizer caking. After caking, the commodity character of chemical fertilizer deteriorates, and farmers are unwilling to buy it. At the same time, chemical fertilizer is easy to dissolve in the presence of water, resulting in the loss of nutrients. Therefore, in the current rainy season, do a good job in the preservation of chemical fertilizer, waterproof and moisture-proof is the key.

In general, there are three ways of chemical fertilizer storage: warehouse storage, shed storage and open field storage.

In the rainy season, warehouse storage should be the main. The storehouse should not only be ventilated and cooled, but also be rain-proof and moisture-proof. There are two storage methods of fertilizer in the warehouse: bulk storage and bagged storage.

For nitrogen fertilizer varieties with strong hygroscopicity, such as ammonium nitrate, whether stored in bulk or in bags, in order to avoid caking, it is necessary to reduce the storage pressure and control the height of bulk and package piles, such as large bags of 25,40kg. Take 20 bags as the moderate height.

If you choose a shed for storage, you should choose a place with high terrain, flat ground and no stagnant water, with Reed mats or plastic film underneath. After the fertilizer is piled up, it is covered with plastic film, and at the same time, the roof is set up and covered with cloth to prevent rain. Pay special attention to the rainy season, do not stack chemical fertilizer in the open air.

Chemical fertilizers can be divided into the following three groups according to their hygroscopicity:

⑴ has strong hygroscopicity.

Chemical fertilizers with particularly strict storage conditions, such as ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate and some trace element fertilizers. This kind of fertilizer should not be stored in large piles, and should be packed in double bags, lined with plastic bags and wrapped in woven bags.

⑵ has hygroscopicity.

Chemical fertilizers with requirements for storage conditions, including ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, urea, ammonium phosphate, lime nitrogen, etc.

⑶ has low hygroscopicity.

Chemical fertilizers with lax storage conditions, including phosphate rock powder, bone powder, limestone powder and gypsum. In principle, any chemical fertilizer should be stored in a dry and cool warehouse.

two。 How to apply fertilizer correctly in hot and dry weather?

More phosphate fertilizer was applied to ⑴. On the one hand, phosphate fertilizer can be used more effectively at higher temperature, resulting in a good fertilizer effect; on the other hand, phosphate fertilizer can improve the water use efficiency of soil and promote each other. In addition, sufficient phosphorus can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and play the role of nourishing nitrogen with phosphorus. Reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, especially the ammonium bicarbonate which is easily decomposed by heat, because the ammonium bicarbonate which is easily decomposed by heat and the high concentration of nitrogen fertilizer are easy to cause crop seedling burning.

⑵ in the high temperature and dry season, under the strong light, the temperature of the exposed ground can reach 50 ℃, the evaporation is strong, and the concentration of surface water solution increases sharply. At this time, if the same amount of fertilizer is applied as in normal weather, the crop yield can not be maintained or increased, but is likely to be reduced. For example, when the precipitation is moderate, the application of 12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu of corn may achieve high yield, and it is at risk of reducing yield if the same amount of fertilizer is applied during high temperature and drought.

⑶ fertilization in the morning, although the personnel feel more comfortable, but with the rise of the sun, the temperature rises sharply, water is quickly evaporated, crop absorption time is short, fertilizer use efficiency is low; noon fertilization, because of the high temperature, is not conducive to fertilizer absorption and personnel operation. Fertilization in the evening is not only suitable for personnel operation, but also can make up for the shortcoming of short absorption time of crops (because the evening is a process of decreasing temperature, surface water evaporation is weakened, water retention time is long), and it is the best fertilization time.

3. "six precautions" must be known in the storage of chemical fertilizer

⑴ anti-volatilization

We all know that ammonia and ammonium bicarbonate are very volatile, so they should be sealed when stored. In addition, nitrogen fertilizer and calcium superphosphate are forbidden to be mixed with alkaline substances such as lime and plant ash to prevent chemical reactions, resulting in volatilization of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizer.

⑵ moisture proof

Ammonium nitrate, lime nitrogen and calcium superphosphate are easy to agglomerate after moisture absorption, which affect the effect of application. And ammonium bicarbonate moisture absorption, nitrogen volatile, to seal firmly to avoid contact with air. Therefore, these fertilizers should be stored in a dry and cool place.

⑶ anticorrosion

Calcium superphosphate is corrosive and should prevent contact with skin and metal utensils; ammonia is strongly corrosive to copper and iron and should be stored in ceramic, plastic and wooden containers. In addition, chemical fertilizers should not be stacked with seeds, and do not use chemical fertilizers to bag seeds so as not to affect seed germination.

⑷ high temperature protection

After the nitrogen fertilizer is exposed to the sun, the volatilization loss of nitrogen will be accelerated; ammonium nitrate will decompose oxygen at high temperature, which will cause fertilizer failure.

⑸ fire prevention

Ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and other combustion-supporting properties, can not be stored with combustibles such as kerosene, gasoline, straw, sawdust and so on, so as not to cause fire.

⑹ explosion proof

Ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and other easy explosion, if mixed with copper, iron and other metal powder, once the friction impact, it will cause an explosion accident. So after these fertilizers are caked and hardened, don't hit them hard with metal, but crush them with heavy ones.