How to do well the production management of melons, fruits and vegetables in hot days?

At present, it is the summer and autumn high temperature and drought season, the weather is mainly sunny, hot, high temperature and little rain, and the yield of melons and vegetables in the field is greatly reduced, so how to do a good job in the production management of melons and vegetables in high temperature days? Let's get to know it together.

1. Strengthen the management of vegetables in the field

At present, the main vegetables in the field are plain fast-growing leafy vegetables, towel gourd, cowpea and other heat-resistant vegetables, as well as mountain eggplant, cucumbers, kidney beans, Zizania caduciflora and so on. High temperature weather advocates the use of sunshade net cover to block strong light, strong ultraviolet rays, reduce high temperature and other protective measures to prevent high temperature burning leaves, reduce adverse effects, improve quality and prolong the city time. The second is to strengthen ventilation and cool down. Trim the lower old leaves to increase ventilation to achieve the purpose of disease prevention and cooling. Conditionally take technical measures such as pruning and rejuvenation, turning flowers, to avoid high temperature, stagger the season of products on the market, improve quality and increase efficiency. Third, the border cover, skillfully replenish fat and water. In accordance with the principle of frequent application of thin fertilizer, conditional use of spray drip irrigation facilities, timely irrigation in the early morning and evening to supplement fertilizer and water.

Second, strengthen the management of sowing and raising seedlings of autumn vegetables

Now is the critical period for sowing autumn vegetables such as cauliflower, eggplant fruits and melons. We should sow seeds at the right time, give priority to control, promote the combination of control, prevent the seedlings from growing and cultivate strong seedlings of the right age. First, the seedling bed is covered with a comprehensive sunshade net and anti-insect net to prevent seedling burns and pests. After about 30% emergence, the visual climate gradually reduces the covering time. Lettuce, celery and other weakly germinated vegetable seeds can be covered with shade on the border and removed in time after emergence. The second is to keep the soil moist as far as possible. In addition to watering every morning and evening, horse race water can be irrigated once in the evening every 3-5 days. If possible, micro-sprinkler irrigation technology should be used to cool and humidify, fans should be used to enhance ventilation and improve the growth environment of vegetable seedlings. Third, the use of point tray and good water-holding light substrate to raise seedlings, pay attention to the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, in order to prevent the excessive growth of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings.

Third, strengthen the field management of changing stubble vegetables

At present, it is the season of changing stubble of vegetables in the plain. First, it is necessary to remove the residual plants of the previous crop in time. Cleaning up weeds in ditches, canals and roadsides, and making use of high temperature favorable weather, soil disinfection methods such as ploughing and drying soil, irrigation and soaking fields, high temperature and stuffing shed (more than 70 ℃ in the greenhouse) were adopted to reduce the base number of salt, disease, insect and grass in the soil and ensure the soil safety of vegetable production in the next crop. Second, asparagus in the greenhouse should clean up the aging spring mother stem, remove weeds, control diseases and insect pests, pass water in the evening, eliminate the underground larvae of Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera exigua, reduce the residual population density, and carry out a comprehensive sterilization in the greenhouse to reduce the base of diseases and insect pests and re-carry out the adoptive mother stem.

IV. Strengthen the management of disease and pest control

With continuous high temperature and drought weather and frequent occurrence of insect pests in vegetables, physical and biological control measures such as anti-insect nets, insecticidal lamps, insect attractants, color plates and other physical and biological control measures and high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides should be vigorously promoted and applied, so as to reduce the frequency and amount of pesticide application and pay attention to safety intervals to ensure the quality and safety of vegetables. Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and pests in vegetable seedlings, especially in the prevention and control of virus diseases transmitted by insect pests. At the same time, we should pay attention to the safety of medication, spray in the morning and evening when the temperature is low, to prevent plant damage and personnel heatstroke and pesticide poisoning. As it is already in the period of high incidence of typhoons, all localities also need to do a good job in disaster reduction work such as Taiwan flood control.

Fifth, select heat-resistant and drought-tolerant varieties.

Choose fast-growing leafy vegetables such as fast-growing vegetables, such as fast-growing leafy vegetables, fast-growing leafy vegetables, such as fast-growing leafy vegetables, fast-growing leafy vegetables, such as fast-growing leafy vegetables, such as fast-growing leafy vegetables, fast-growing leafy vegetables such as fast-growing leafy vegetables, and so on. Adopt "one film and two nets" to cover. It is covered with sunshade net, anti-insect net and greenhouse film to protect against strong light, high temperature and rainstorm.

Sixth, shading and cooling.

High temperature weather advocates the use of sunshade net to cover the top of the greenhouse to block strong light, reduce high temperature and other protective cultivation measures to prevent high temperature burning seedlings and reduce adverse effects. The conditional base can cover the insect control net around the greenhouse to isolate pests.

Loosen the soil and weed, cover the border. Vegetables in open field should keep the soil loose, reduce soil water evaporation, prevent weeds from competing for fertilizer and water, and promote growth. Border mulching combined with extra-root fertilization, spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance the high temperature resistance of vegetable plants.