Joys and sorrows of Grain production in Rural areas

At present, the overall development of agriculture in China is good, farmers basically live and work in peace and contentment, and the production and living conditions in rural areas have been greatly improved. We visited Shayang County, a major grain and rape county in Hubei Province (which is part of the "China Agricultural Valley" in Jingmen, Hubei Province). There are personal feelings, achievements and problems that need to be considered.

1. Happy

In the families we visited, we saw the new face of the countryside, the joy of the farmers and the hope for the future of the countryside. We are particularly impressed by the following:

1. Grain production has increased year after year.

On October 1, 2014, we arrived in Shayang County, where most of the rice had been harvested and the golden stubble was still shining in the rice fields. We asked local friends, they all said that this year's harvest is good, more than 2000 jin per mu, based on the family 9 mu of rice fields, the conservative estimate should be 20000 jin. Families with a lot of local land will have an output of 30000 jin.

Since 2009, Shayang County has introduced "Shenliangyou 5814" (a new super hybrid rice combination of "Y58S" and self-selected restorer line "C 4114" formed by Tsinghua Longgang Research Institute of National Hybrid Rice Engineering and Technology Research Center). Planting shows that this variety is a new super medium hybrid rice combination with high quality, high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability, which is favored by the majority of farmers and grain processing enterprises.

Rice production is guaranteed by water conservancy conditions. In the past, irrigation was mainly carried out through the water conservancy project of Zhanghe Reservoir, which belongs to the mode of collectivization operation. In recent years, the enthusiasm of ordinary people's families to drill deep wells (60 meters underground) is very high, and many farmers have their own deep wells, which can ensure water for production and domestic use. Some families provide paid support for deep-well irrigation.

The policy care of grain production is an important reason. The types of grain subsidies in Shayang County from 2004 to 2008 can be divided into three categories: direct grain subsidy, improved seed subsidy and comprehensive subsidy for the increase of agricultural materials, with a total subsidy fund of 317.0058 million yuan. The specific distribution is as follows:

Shayang County is one of the advanced counties in grain and oil production in China, with a total annual grain output of more than 600000 tons and oil output of more than 110000 tons. Shayang County has 5 national grain and oil demonstration processing enterprises and 11 provincial grain and oil demonstration processing enterprises (sales stores), with an annual rice processing capacity of 1.1 million tons and oil processing capacity of 750000 tons. It has a storage capacity of 500000 tons (including oil tanks) and related supporting facilities, and acquisition outlets are all over urban and rural areas.

2. Farmers' income and consumption have increased.

According to information released by the Hubei investigation team of the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first half of 2014, the per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents in Hubei Province was 4513 yuan, an increase of 13.1 percent over the same period last year, outpacing the growth rate of urban residents and 1.1 percentage points higher than the national average.

Various localities have successively raised social security standards in rural areas, such as minimum living standards, old-age care, and medical care, and increased subsidies for strong farmers, including direct subsidies for grain, subsidies for improved varieties, relief funds, pensions, disaster relief funds, poverty alleviation funds, insurance reparations, and reimbursement of medical expenses. the common people have received more security and practical benefits.

According to data released by the Hubei Provincial Bureau of Statistics and the Hubei Survey team of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2012, the per capita net income of rural residents in Hubei Province reached 7851.71 yuan, an increase of 953.8 yuan over the previous year, a nominal increase of 13.8%; deducting the price factor, the real growth rate was 10.5%. To achieve "nine consecutive fast" growth. The total per capita net income of farmers in Hubei still ranks first in the six provinces in central China, ranked 13th in the country, and ranked third in the growth rate of the six provinces in central China.

We visited several local friends and really felt that the production and living conditions of the farmers had changed. The consumption of farmers' goods has increased, and the conditions have been greatly improved. Compared with the living conditions of urban residents, it is not bad at all. Some families have several motorcycles, almost one for each person. Those farmers who can run a business have bought minivans (cars). The popularity of electrical appliances has facilitated farmers and narrowed the gap between urban and rural areas.

Young local farmers get married and their consumption level rises. Generally need to spend 500000 yuan, mainly to buy a house in the county or township (about 250000 yuan), give betrothal gift 100000 yuan, buy electrical appliances 100000 yuan, wedding banquet 50, 000 yuan.

3. Strong development of rural urbanization.

Local farmers, especially those young people who work in cities, more and more like to buy houses in counties and towns, which has promoted the development and sale of commercial houses in counties and towns. The price of commercial housing in the local county is more than 2000 yuan / square meter, and the price of commercial housing in villages and towns is more than 1000 yuan / square meter.

In rural areas close to counties, towns and highways, there are more and more factories, mainly grain processing and chemical fertilizer production, and local farmers can find jobs nearby. The pace of rural urbanization is accelerating.

The county town has gradually become the center of a small area, focusing on politics, economy, culture, education, transportation, municipal facilities, buses, and the improvement of life service system. Compared with big cities, house prices and prices are relatively cheap, so they have become the first place of residence for local farmers.

We have the same understanding in Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province, Dengzhou City, Zhenping County, Neixiang County, Xinxian County, Shangcheng County, Huangchuan County, Huaibin County, Yingshang County, Woyang County, Taihe County and Mengcheng County in Anhui Province.

Second, worry

Under the situation of great development in rural areas, there are also many outstanding problems. We feel that there are three main problems.

1. The contradiction between grain output and quality.

With the increase of grain output in a large area, the quality problem is also quite prominent. Mainly the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which is more common. The operation of the market economy and large-scale planting all need high efficiency, pay attention to less input and more output, and it is particularly difficult for farmers not to use chemical fertilizer. In such a situation, there seems to be a distance from the "green product". Even if there is supervision, it is very difficult. As a result, the broad masses report that the taste and taste of agricultural products such as rice and pork have declined.

2. There is a wide gap in income between grain cultivation and sideline.

Compared with the income of sideline, the income of growing grain is still relatively low. The income from the sale of vegetables, animal husbandry, aquatic products, flowers and seedlings is relatively high, and farmers are willing to participate. Other agricultural service industries are even more profitable. For example, harvester service, well digging teams and construction teams earn at least 200 yuan a day (some masons earn 400 yuan a day). The local "rape Flower Festival" has been held in recent years, which has attracted many tourists, increased economic income, has formed a brand in Hubei, and is continuing to develop and provide quality services, which also shows that tourism and service industries have a relatively high additional output value.

3. There are few successors in the peasant team.

At present, the people living in rural areas are old (elderly) and weak (children), and there is an "empty shell" situation in rural areas. Young farmers, who do not go out to work, are regarded as incompetent and may be looked down upon and have no romantic partner. This reflects that in concept, some people still ignore, despise and despise the identity of farmers, and farming is regarded as a helpless and last choice.

Local young people, even if they do not go to middle school, rely on their physical strength to work, with an average salary of 3000-4000 yuan per month. The splendor of the city, the convenience of transportation, sanitary conditions, orderly work, fashionable entertainment, stable income and so on, all attract migrant workers. After working in the city for several years, they adapted to the living environment of the city, but it was difficult for them to adapt to their hometown. After buying houses in counties and towns, they gradually decoupled from agricultural production, resulting in a lack of successors in the ranks of farmers.

III. Summary

The situation in rural areas of Shayang County is universal, reflecting some advantages and problems in China's rural grain production and rural development. We believe that under China's good economic, political and cultural environment, the development of China's rural areas has bright prospects and the trend of the times. In particular, the central policy of promoting agriculture has brought practical benefits to the vast number of rural areas and farmers and won the support and praise of the masses, which is really the will of the people.

With regard to the current grain quality problems in rural areas, we should proceed from the perspective of comprehensive scientific development of grain quality and the protection of soil and water resources, and the government, scientific and technological personnel and enterprises should jointly guide and help farmers to use scientific fertilization technology. What agricultural science and technology needs to do is how to maintain the same grain production while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. We can draw lessons from the agricultural science and technology countermeasures of the United States, and work out the recommended fertilization scheme after comprehensively considering many factors, such as soil nutrient determination results, field experiment results, economic benefit analysis, environmental protection factors and so on.

We believe that as long as national policies are in place, China's agriculture and grain production, with the support of high technology, can ensure the daily needs of the broad masses of people and continue to enter a high level and a new stage.