How on earth does fertilizer damage cause serious land pollution?

Fertilizer damage refers to the visibility damage to plants and soil caused by excessive fertilization or excessive concentration of fertilizer. Misuse of fertilizer may cause serious pollution of the land. This fertilizer not only refers to chemical fertilizer, but also includes organic fertilizer! Although the cause of soil deterioration is not only the serious land pollution caused by fertilizer damage, but there is no doubt that reasonable control of fertilizer pollution will help to maintain the soil environment for the healthy growth of crops.

I. the causes of soil deterioration

1. A large number of chemical fertilizers are used, resulting in soil hardening and impermeability.

2. A large number of inferior organic fertilizers are used, such as unrotten chicken manure, sludge without heavy metal treatment, industrial scraps without deep processing, etc.

3. Continuous cropping of one crop for a long time, resulting in continuous cropping.

Among them, the use of a large number of inferior organic fertilizers is the most harmful.

Second, the causes of fertilizer damage

1. Apply nitrogen fertilizer blindly.

In production, people always think that crops have a large demand for nitrogen fertilizer, so once the crop growth is poor, no matter what is missing, all nitrogen is applied, and more and more nitrogen fertilizer is applied, resulting in excess nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer damage. In particular, the application of volatile nitrogen fertilizer, such as ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia, is easy to make crops suffer fertilizer damage; excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will also cause plant nitric acid accumulation and leaf yellowing. Excessive application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause crop loss of green and molybdenum deficiency.

two。 The amount of application is too large.

If the amount of chemical fertilizer applied at one time is too large, the concentration of soil fertilizer will be too high, which will hinder the absorption of nutrients and water by crop roots, resulting in fertilizer damage.

3. Apply unspoiled organic fertilizer.

In the process of decomposition, immature organic fertilizer will produce a lot of organic acid and heat, which is easy to cause root burning phenomenon.

4. Topdressing is too close to the root of the crop.

Due to the fast and high efficiency of chemical decomposition fertilizer, it is easy to cause fertilizer damage to crops when topdressing is too close to the root system.

Third, the harm of chicken manure and other organic fertilizers that are not mature and not thoroughly sterilized, insecticidal and egg-killing.

1. The increase of soil-borne diseases

Feces often contain a large number of bacteria and parasites as well as eggs, which will be brought to the ground if they are not thoroughly mature, sterilized and insecticidal, causing damage to the roots of crops.

In addition, feces contain bacteria and pests such as coliform and nematodes, which will lead to the spread of diseases and insect pests and crop disease, and will also have an impact on the health of people who eat agricultural products; when unripe organic matter is fermented in the soil, it is easy to breed germs and insect pests, leading to the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.

2. The phenomenon of burning root and seedling is caused by the release of heat in the process of fermentation.

Organic fertilizer releases heat in the process of fermentation, so organic fertilizer is fully fermented when it leaves the factory. If it is not fully fermented, it will release heat after fermentation in the soil, because direct contact with the roots can cause damage to the roots, thus affecting the growth of crops and increasing crop diseases.

If the root is injured, the nutrition will be incomplete, and if the nutrition is not comprehensive, the immunity will be low. These are all interrelated.

3. The damage of ammonia and other harmful gases to the root.

In the process of fermentation, harmful gases such as ammonia are easy to be produced in livestock manure, which will harm the root growth and make the root environment PH acidic.

Untreated industrial leftovers and untreated sludge organic fertilizers generally exceed the standard, while some waste materials contain high chlorine, some even as high as 9%, and long-term use will cause soil acidification. Will inhibit the growth of crops, and even some scraps and sludge organic fertilizer nutrient content is very low.

4. the fertilizer effect is obviously slow.

Most of the nutrients in unfermented and mature organic fertilizers are organic or slowly available, which can not be directly absorbed by crops, but can only be absorbed and utilized by crops by decomposing and transforming into rapidly available state. Therefore, direct application of unfermented fertilizer will slow down the fertilizer efficiency.

IV. Preventive measures

1. Do not apply unripe organic fertilizer.

Organic fertilizers must be ripened and then applied, especially when poultry manure is fermented and mixed with chemical fertilizers.

two。 Rational use of chemical fertilizer.

Use must be measured and applied according to concentration, especially not too much nitrogen fertilizer at one time. Foliar spraying concentration should not be too high, urea as foliar fertilizer, the concentration should not exceed 0.3%, spray moist.

3. Increase the application of organic fertilizer.

The organic fertilizer applied into the soil has a strong adsorption energy for cations, so that its concentration is not too high, improve the buffering capacity of soil nutrients, and greatly reduce the occurrence of fertilizer damage.

4. Fertilization should be about 10cm away from the crop root system, and should be applied deeply.

Cover soil immediately after topdressing to prevent seedling burning and fertilizer efficiency loss at seedling stage. Soil drought topdressing needs timely irrigation to reduce the concentration and avoid the phenomenon of seedling burning.

The root is the key to the crop, and the soil is the growth environment of the root. A good soil environment can make the root grow healthily, and a good root can make the crop grow healthily. Therefore, we should learn to take good care of the soil and improve the root environment.