How to choose the use of water-soluble fertilizer in agricultural water-fertilizer integration water-saving technology?

The integration of water and fertilizer is an efficient agricultural water-saving technology that dissolves fertilizer in water, irrigates and fertilizes simultaneously with the help of pipeline irrigation system, meets the water and nutrient requirements of crops in a timely and appropriate amount, and manages water and fertilizer synchronously. Water-soluble fertilizer refers to a multi-element compound fertilizer that can be completely dissolved in water. Compared with traditional calcium superphosphate and granulated compound fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer has obvious advantages.

1. Water and fertilizer integration technology advantages

(1) Saving water, fertilizer and land

winter wheat application of water and fertilizer integration technology, brown loam soil mu water saving 80-100 cubic meters, brown soil mu water saving 50-60 cubic meters, average mu water saving more than 70 cubic meters, water saving about 30%, fertilizer saving 5-9 kg (pure nutrients, the same below), fertilizer saving 10%-25%;

Summer corn saves water by 40-60 cubic meters per mu, 30 - 50 percent, fertilizer by 8-10 kilograms per mu, and fertilizer by 15 - 25 percent;

Fruit trees can save water by 140-180 cubic meters, the water saving rate is 30%-40%, the fertilizer utilization rate is increased by more than 10 percentage points, and the fertilizer is reduced by more than 30 kg per mu.

The integration of micro-spraying water and fertilizer is adopted to realize pipeline water transmission and sprinkler irrigation, which no longer needs ridges and ridges. Compared with traditional irrigation methods, the land is saved by about 10%, and the effective planting area is increased.

(2) Save time and labor

The investigation and investigation of integrated application of water and fertilizer agricultural park shows that with the application of integrated water and fertilizer, farmers can irrigate and fertilize the field only by opening and closing valves, eliminating heavy original repeated field operations such as furrow cleaning, ridge back picking, edge ridge picking and chemical fertilizer spreading, etc. The operation of integrated water and fertilizer equipment technology is easy to train and master, and the elderly and women can easily complete it. The average number of workers per mu for two crops of wheat and corn is 2. As irrigation efficiency increases, irrigation volume decreases, saving 3-5 days per irrigation cycle.

(3) Increase production and income

Application of micro-spraying water and fertilizer integration technology, winter wheat yield per mu increased by 100 kg, corn yield per mu increased by 150 kg, apple tree yield per mu increased by 15%-20%, yield increase effect is remarkable; Compared with traditional irrigation mode, water productivity reached 2 kg/square, increased by 20%-30%, fertilizer utilization rate increased by more than 15%, realizing efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources.

2. water-soluble fertilizer

Characteristics of water-soluble fertilizer

Water-soluble fertilizer is a kind of quick-acting fertilizer, which can be quickly dissolved in water without residue and can be directly absorbed and utilized by roots and leaves of crops. can be applied to facility agriculture such as spray drip irrigation and the like, realizes the integration of water and fertilizer, has an effective absorption rate more than one time higher than that of common chemical fertilizer, has fast fertilizer efficiency, and can meet the nutrient requirements of high-yield crops in the rapid growth period. The water requirement of the combined drip irrigation system is only 30% of that of ordinary chemical fertilizer, while the fertilization operation can almost be done without labor, which greatly saves the cost. Water-soluble fertilizers generally have few impurities, low conductivity, convenient concentration adjustment, and safe use for seedlings.

(2) Water-soluble fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer

Water-soluble fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer should not be confused, irrigation fertilizer is also called water irrigation fertilizer, it is a way of topdressing, that is, the fertilizer that can be dissolved in water is dissolved and applied as topdressing. Not all fertilizers can be used for irrigation and fertilization. Fertilizers suitable for irrigation and fertilization should be water-soluble, nutrients are not easy to be solidified by soil, plants are easy to absorb, fertilizer efficiency is fast, and there is no residual poison. For example, compound fertilizer, human excrement, etc., originally not flushing fertilizer, diluted with water into liquid application, it becomes flushing fertilizer.

3. How to apply water-soluble fertilizer

A. Choose fertilizer according to irrigation facilities

Water-soluble fertilizer has an index called "water insoluble matter content". Generally, drip irrigation requires water insoluble matter content to be less than 0.2%, micro-sprinkler irrigation water insoluble matter to be less than 5%, sprinkler irrigation water insoluble matter to be less than 15%, and leaching irrigation requirements are lower. Generally, the lower the water insoluble content, the better the fertilizer efficiency and the higher the relative fertilizer price.

B. Avoid direct application

Double dilution should be adopted. Ensure uniform fertilizer flushing, improve fertilizer utilization rate, reduce leaching loss caused by one-time large-scale fertilization according to the characteristics of uninterrupted nutrient absorption of crops, and the dosage of water-soluble fertilizer per mu is 3-6 kg.

C. Drip irrigation and fertilization grasp the details

Drip irrigation fertilization, first drip water, such as pipes filled with water after fertilization. The longer the fertilization, the better. After fertilization, immediately drip clean water for 20-30 minutes to discharge all the residual fertilizer in the pipeline. In principle, the slower the fertilization, the more uniform it is, especially for elements (such as phosphorus) with poor mobility in the soil. Prolonging the fertilization time can effectively improve the utilization rate of nutrients. In dry season drip irrigation fertilization, recommended fertilization completion time is 2-3 hours.

Avoid excessive irrigation

Generally, the soil layer depth of 20-40 cm can be kept moist.

E. About mixing

Try to use it alone or mixed with non-alkaline pesticides to avoid metal ions reacting to produce precipitation, causing leaf fertilizer damage or phytotoxicity.