Rice and wheat keep their own seeds, how to maintain the quality?

In recent years, due to the decline of rice and wheat planting benefits, some wheat and conventional rice growers began to keep rice and wheat seeds to reduce planting costs. Will farmers' own grain species affect the per unit yield of rice and wheat? How to ensure the quality of self-retained rice and wheat seeds?

1. Large family and multi-buyer variety

Ye Zhiguang, a big grain grower, has planted 177 mu of wheat. "I used to keep my own seeds every year after the wheat harvest and keep them for use next year, but in recent years, I have bought all the commodities." He said that the germination rate of commercial varieties is generally more than 85%, and the commercial varieties with high germination rate can reach 95%. If the self-breeding seed is not well kept, the germination rate will be more than 10% lower than that of the commercial variety. Like Ye Zhiguang, Wang Peifu, who grows 114 mu of wheat, is in the wheat growing season every year. He said that it is too troublesome for large families to keep their own seeds not only to occupy the storage space, but also to ask people to screen and purify them.

Another farmer friend, Huang Qiyue, who only planted 5 mu of conventional japonica rice, told reporters that every year after japonica rice harvest, in order to reduce planting costs, japonica rice seeds to be used in the coming year will be left. Chain store operator Wang Huiting told reporters that for conventional japonica glutinous rice growers, the proportion of farmers keeping their own seeds is significantly higher. In the local planting scale of less than 100 mu of japonica glutinous rice growers mainly use their own seeds, and more than 100 mu of japonica glutinous rice growers still buy more commercial varieties.

two。 There is a gap in planting income.

Why are the big wheat growers unwilling to keep their own seeds? According to the analysis, if farmers keep their own seeds, in order to ensure the emergence rate, the sowing amount should be enlarged by 50-60 jin per mu. Based on the purchase price of 1.1 yuan per jin in the wheat market, the seed cost per mu is between 55-66 yuan (excluding labor). When farmers buy commercial wheat seeds, according to the average market price of 2.5 yuan / jin and the seed consumption of 30-40 jin per mu, the seed cost per mu is between 75-100 yuan. Compared with the two, the cost of the buyer's variety is only 20-34 yuan / mu higher than that of the self-retained seed. However, if farmers do not keep their own wheat seeds well, the per unit yield of wheat planted with their own seeds is about 100 jin lower than that of commercial wheat. According to the wheat market purchase price of 1.1 yuan / jin, the output of wheat per mu is 110 yuan less. after deducting the different seed cost, the income of wheat planted with commercial varieties is higher than 70-80 yuan / mu. However, for scattered growers, the total amount of wheat seeds is not high, it is easy to keep, but also can reduce planting costs. Therefore, some small-scale growers still prefer to leave some wheat seeds for use next year after the annual wheat harvest.

"the planting area of my japonica rice is small, so I have to be careful in terms of planting cost." Huang Qiyue said that the seed consumption of commercial varieties and self-retained seeds is between 18 and 20 jin / mu, but the cost for farmers to use commercial japonica rice seeds is 90-120 yuan per mu, while the cost of using self-retained seeds is only 36-40 yuan per mu. From the perspective of planting cost accounting, farmers can save more than 50 yuan / mu by using their own seeds.

Wang Huiting said that if local farmers grow conventional japonica glutinous rice, if they use commercial varieties, based on the market sales prices of 8-9 jin per mu and 5 yuan per jin, the cost of using seeds per mu will be 40-45 yuan; if farmers use their own seeds, the amount of seeds per mu will be 9-10 jin, and if the cost of keeping seeds is 2 yuan per jin, the cost of using seeds per mu will be 18-20 yuan. Farmers generally buy commercial varieties every three years, in which self-retained seeds are used in two years, saving 44-50 yuan per mu of japonica glutinous rice planting cost / two years.

3. Keeping the environment is very important.

Wu Wengge, director of the Rice Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, believes that although farmers are not encouraged to keep their own seeds from the perspective of high-yield agriculture and standardized agriculture, conventional rice varieties can be kept on their own, which also helps farmers save planting costs. Dr. Chen Gang told reporters that if farmers want to keep their own seeds, the moisture content of rice seeds should be controlled below 14.5%, and have the technical ability to remove impurities and purify them. If the conditions permit, the storage temperature of self-breeding species should be controlled at about 10 ℃, and under normal temperature, the storage temperature for self-breeding species should also be below 25 ℃. Otherwise, the storage temperature is too high, which will affect the vitality of conventional rice seeds.

The reporter learned that if farmers want to keep their own wheat seeds, they should carry out miscellaneous work in the early stage of wheat harvest. Wheat should be harvested, dried and stored separately when harvested. When drying, you should do it alone, not with other varieties and common wheat, so as to prevent mixing. The name of the variety should be marked during storage to avoid confusion with other varieties and common wheat, let alone store in the same place with ordinary wheat. Farmers should air repeatedly before storing wheat seeds, so that the water content of wheat seeds can reach safe storage moisture, and the safe storage moisture of wheat is less than 13%. Farmers should pay special attention to the fact that rice and wheat seeds should be stored in a dry and ventilated place, and the bottom of the container containing seeds should be paved with boards, stones and other moisture-proof materials.