What are the planting techniques of kiwifruit "King of Fruit"? How many years do you usually hang the fruit?

Actinidia chinensis is a kind of edible and medicinal fruit with high economic value. It is most widely planted in Sichuan and Hangzhou. So what are its planting techniques? How many years do you usually hang the fruit? According to Uncle Li, a red kiwifruit grower in Sichuan, it usually hangs fruit in 3 years, abounds in 5 years, reasonable load, good supply of water and fertilizer, and has a growth cycle of 60 years.

What are the planting techniques of Actinidia chinensis?

The main results are as follows: 1. the propagation of red kiwifruit by dormant wood cutting has the characteristics of rich sources of cuttings, more nutrients stored in the branches, fast growth of new shoots after rooting, and can be out of the nursery in the same year.

1. Select cuttings: the dormant branches are thin, and the cuttings take root earlier after cutting. If the dormant branch is thick, it takes root late, and it is easy to lose water and withered flowers under adverse climatic conditions. However, using too thin branches as cuttings, it is difficult to grow into robust seedlings, therefore, branches with a diameter of 8mm to 10mm should be selected to do cuttings.

2. Timely cutting: kiwifruit trees are generally pruned from January to mid-February, and the cuttings can be cut with the pruned branches. If the cuttings are collected earlier and the cutting time is late, the cuttings can be coated with protective agent, then collected and stored in plastic film, or stored under the condition of 5 ℃, or can also be preserved in a cold place in the open field. No matter which method is used to preserve the cuttings, we should strictly prevent the cuttings from losing water and drying up. The cutting period should not be later than April at the latest. Cutting bed soil should choose clean fine sand or sandy soil.

3. Cuttage treatment: in order to improve the seedling rate, red kiwifruit cuttings were cut and dipped in 50 times liquid rooting accelerator for 20 hours to fully absorb water to promote rooting. When using a wooden box to do a slotting machine, cuttings can be shorter, about 10 centimeters is appropriate. Use the field to do cuttings, cuttings should be longer, with 15 to 20 centimeters is appropriate, cutting should be deep.

4. Plant the pot in time: after the cuttings take root, you can plant the pot. The water retention of potted soil should be good, otherwise it will affect the growth of cutting seedlings. At the initial stage of transplanting, the diameter of the pot should be 10.5-12cm, and with the growth of seedlings, it should be transplanted to the large basin in time. After the new shoot of the cutting seedling is elongated, it should be supported by a pillar as soon as possible.

Second, red kiwifruit can produce large-scale fruit after artificial pollination. If there is no seed, all the fruits will fall. The greater the number of seeds, the larger the fruit.

1. Pollen collection: to collect the buds that swell before the male flowers bloom. Or collect the flowers after flowering and before flowering. Then sift the male flowers directly on the iron net with a mesh of 2mm. Or cut out the anther with scissors. Or use the medicine picker to collect aldehyde? The anther can then be thinly laid out on Kraft paper, etc., and placed for 1 day and night at a room temperature of 22-25 ℃ and a humidity of 50%, so as to prescribe the medicine. After prescribing the medicine, the pollen was collected with a sieve with a mesh of 80,100. When preserving kiwifruit pollen, you can first put it into a container such as a tea tube with desiccant, then wrap 1 teaspoon of pollen in medicine paper, and then store it in a cold storage. it can be taken out and used at any time if necessary.

2. The method of pollination: artificial pollination with cotton swabs within 3 days after the male flower blossoms. The fertilization ability can be maintained within 5 days after the male flower blossoms, and artificial pollination is reliable when the petals have not yet turned brown. Stone pine nuts can be used as pollen enhancers. Its increment is generally 30-50 times of pollen capacity. In order to enable the pollen to adhere to more pistils, the pollen and stone pine nuts can be packed in a plastic bag and fully vibrated and stirred. Kiwifruit pollen that has been diluted with stone pine nuts must be used on the same day. Pollination equipment can use cotton swabs or feathers. Pollination should be done carefully. When the stigma of female flowers is good, artificial pollination can sometimes be carried out in rain.

III. Garden site selection and management

1. Red kiwifruit likes to be warm and humid, but it is afraid of drought, wind damage and strong sunshine. when selecting sites, we should pay special attention to the surrounding ecological environment, and there can be no pollution from the industrial "three wastes."

2. Kiwifruit likes light and is afraid of the sun. Generally speaking, kiwifruit likes sunlight but is afraid of high temperature. It is sensitive to strong light. It belongs to moderate light-loving fruit tree species. It is happy to shine light and avoid direct light.

2. Because kiwifruit is sensitive to strong wind, it is better to use leeward, flat land or slopes with a slope of less than 15 degrees, while slopes above 15 degrees, low-lying valleys, hilltops and tuyere are not suitable to build gardens. In areas with more wind damage, wind prevention measures should be taken and some valuable windbreak trees can be planted next to them. The land prone to stagnant water is also not suitable, because the root system of kiwifruit is fleshy root, the respiration is strong, and it needs more oxygen content of the soil, that is, to have the necessary soil air permeability. 450 to 750 meters above sea level is the best.

3. The slightly acidic soil requiring deep, loose and fertile soil with a ph value of 5.5 to 7 is strongly acidic if the ph value is less than 4, which is very disadvantageous to the growth of kiwifruit. The ph value above 7.5 will lead to iron deficiency, and the iron composition of kiwifruit is slightly stronger than that of any fruit tree.

4. Red kiwifruit has four key periods of water demand: the first is the germination period, which is needed for flowering and bud growth; the second is the budding stage, which is needed for the growth of flower buds; the third is the prosperous period of fruit, which mainly supplies the growth of young fruit; fourth, from June to August in summer, it is a period when foliar transpiration is the most exuberant and water demand is relatively large. During the critical period of water demand, irrigation and watering should be timely according to soil moisture, but not too much at one time.

5. Red kiwifruit has four key periods of water demand: the first is the germination period, which is needed for flowering and bud growth; the second is the budding stage, which is needed for the growth of flower buds; the third is the prosperous period of fruit, which mainly supplies the growth of young fruit; fourth, from June to August in summer, it is a period when foliar transpiration is the most exuberant and water demand is relatively large. During the critical period of water demand, irrigation and watering should be timely according to soil moisture, but not too much at one time.

6. Kiwifruit is sensitive to fertilizer, so it is necessary to master the principle of far, scattered and light fertilizer in production, that is, the method of applying fertilizer several times in a small amount can meet the demand of fertilizer without causing fertilizer damage. Mainly apply organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizer includes mature compost, retting manure, barnyard manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, cake fertilizer and so on. The amount of fertilizer application was determined according to the tree size, fruit amount, soil conditions and fertilization characteristics of the orchard. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizer is 1 ∶ 0.7-0.8 ∶ 0.8-0.9. According to the need to add appropriate amount of boron, zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and other trace element fertilizers.

IV. Pest control

The main results are as follows: 1. the main pests on kiwifruit are shell insect, apple leaf moth and leafhopper, and the diseases are canker, gray mold, brown spot and black spot, with emphasis on the control of kiwifruit canker.

2. The main pests on kiwifruit are shell insect, apple leaf moth and leafhopper, and the diseases are canker, gray mold, brown spot and black spot, with emphasis on the control of kiwifruit canker.