How many chemical fertilizers and urea are used for rice and wheat per mu? What are the precautions?

Rice and wheat are both gramineous plants and are one of the staple foods of human beings. So how much fertilizer and urea do they use per mu of land? What are the precautions? Let's introduce them one by one.

How much fertilizer and urea are used in one mu of land?

I. Rice

The main results are as follows: 1. The principle of fertilization for rice should be organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer, potassium fertilizer as tiller fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer applied evenly for many times, pay special attention to strong bud and strong seed fertilizer, attack large panicle and large grain at the same time.

(1) according to the determination of base fertilizer based on organic fertilizer, 50% of the total fertilizer absorption of rice comes from soil, 60% of nitrogen and 70% of phosphorus and potassium come from soil. Insufficient fertilization will consume too much soil potential nutrients and reduce soil fertility. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer is an important way to maintain and improve soil fertility. Therefore, rice production should emphasize the accumulation of soil and miscellaneous fertilizers, the development of aquaculture more fence fertilizer, a variety of green manure, the promotion of spike harvesting and the return of rice straw to the field, so that the application of organic fertilizer accounts for 40% of the fertilizer application in the whole period.

(2) apply appropriate amount of tiller fertilizer early, applying urea 6-7.5 kg per mu for the first time; applying secondary tiller fertilizer less than 4 kg per mu for fields with poor growth according to the situation of seedlings, and 5-7.5 kg of potash fertilizer per mu for fields with little organic fertilizer and potassium deficiency.

(3) look at the application of panicle fertilizer, flower-promoting fertilizer and flower-protecting fertilizer can be applied, and 5 kg of urea can be applied each time. Rice has a great demand for potash fertilizer. After rewatering the field, combined with topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, about 2.5 kg potash fertilizer per mu can significantly increase the yield.

(4) when grain fertilizer and foliar topdressing were applied to seedlings with light leaf color before heading, 2-2.5 kg urea per mu and 2.5 kg urea per mu were applied to hybrid rice with normal growth, it was only suitable to use 500ml 750 g urea and 50 kg water spray as grain fertilizer.

2. Urea contains 46% nitrogen, which is an ideal fertilizer for rice. However, in the application, due to improper use and unreasonable, it not only causes waste, but also has no effect, but causes the occurrence and epidemic of rice diseases.

(1) Deep application of basic fertilizer before or after spring turn, spread urea evenly on the field, and then plough it in autumn to bury it in the soil. Due to the deep application and long effect of base fertilizer, the amount of base fertilizer should not be too much, so as to avoid greedy green lodging in the later stage of rice.

(2) Tillering fertilizer was applied 710 days after rice planting, and 57 kg urea was applied per mu.

(3) the type of fertilizer that can be used for foliar fertilization can only be sprayed one month after sowing seedlings. Generally speaking, there is no strict boundary between foliar fertilizer and root soil fertilizer. In principle, it is non-toxic, harmless and nutritious.

(4) it is suitable for late rice seedlings to apply 150 kg of ammonium sulfate or 75 kg of urea 2 days before transplanting.

2. Wheat

(1). According to the application technology of chemical fertilizer for winter wheat, it is generally believed that for every 100 kg of wheat grain, it is necessary to absorb about 2.8-3.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 1-1.5 kg of phosphorus and 2-4 kg of potassium. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1-0.4. Among them, nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly concentrated in the seeds, accounting for 76% and 82.4% of the total content of the whole plant, respectively, and potassium is mainly concentrated in the stems and leaves, accounting for 77.6% of the total content of the whole plant.

(2) there should be enough nitrogen and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium in wheat seedling stage. According to the growth law and nutritional characteristics of wheat, base fertilizer and early topdressing should be applied again. The amount of base fertilizer should generally account for 60%-80% of the total fertilizer application, and topdressing should account for 40%-20%.

(3) according to the data of the Institute of soil and Fertilizer of Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences synthesizing the spring wheat yield of 7500 kg / ha in this province, the production of 100kg grain needs about 2.5kg of nitrogen, 1.17kg of phosphorus and 1.9kg of potassium. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2.8, 1, and 3.15. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by spring wheat has two peaks: the first is from jointing to booting, and the second is from flowering to milking, and the former is slightly higher than the latter. The phosphorus absorption rate increased from seedling emergence to milk ripening, and from jointing to milk ripening reached the highest value. According to the growth law and nutritional characteristics of spring wheat, base fertilizer and early topdressing should be applied.

(4) 30-60 tons of farm manure, 375-600 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 450-600 kg of superphosphate are applied per hectare.

(5) fertilizers, generally 150kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 225,375kg of superphosphate per hectare, mixed with 1500 kg of high-quality farm fertilizer, or 150,300kg of binary nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer. When sowing, apply a small amount of seed fertilizer, 75-120 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare, and no topdressing later. This method is suitable for dry land.

The urea used in wheat fields with different fertility is also different.

(1) High fertility wheat field: applying pure nitrogen 5-7kg per mu (equivalent to urea about 13kg or ammonium bicarbonate 35kg), wheat formula fertilizer ≥ 50% (15-18-17 or 18-19-13) 35-45kg/ mu can also be used.

(2) medium fertility wheat field: apply pure nitrogen 5-7kg per mu (equivalent to urea about 15kg or ammonium bicarbonate 40kg), and wheat formula fertilizer ≥ 50% (15-18-17 or 18-19-13) 30-40kg.

(3) low fertility wheat field: applying pure nitrogen 5-7kg per mu (equivalent to urea about 10kg or ammonium bicarbonate 26kg), wheat formula fertilizer ≥ 54% (18-22-14) 30-40kg can also be used.

(4) fertilization method: in high-yield plots, 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and 40% as topdressing; in medium and low-yield plots, 50% of the total amount is used as base fertilizer, 10% as seed fertilizer and 40% as topdressing.

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