How many chemical fertilizers and urea can be used for high yield of corn and peanuts per mu of land? When is the best time to use it?
Corn and peanuts are annual herbs, and they are widely planted and edible crops, so how many chemical fertilizers and urea do they need to produce high yields per mu of land? When is the best time to use it? Let's take a look at it.
How many chemical fertilizers and urea can be used for high yield per mu of land?
1. Corn
(1) Chemical fertilizer
Corn is a kind of food crop which needs a lot of fertilizer. Corn needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients from soil in the process of growth, among which nitrogen and potassium are the most required, generally yielding 100 kg of corn grain per mu, 2.5 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.2 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 2.0 kg of potassium oxide, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1RV 0.48 Vol 0.8. The fertilizer requirement increases with the increase of yield. In general, the whole growth period of corn needs to apply 10-16 kg of pure nitrogen, 3-5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 5-8 kg of potassium oxide, zinc, boron, manganese and other trace elements according to the supply of soil nutrients.
2. In potassium-rich areas, the amount of potassium application can be reduced appropriately, and corn is sensitive to zinc, and zinc sulfate (0.1-0.3%) or other zinc-containing foliar fertilizer can be sprayed on the leaves at jointing stage. Corn needs less fertilizer before jointing, the most in the period from jointing to big trumpet mouth, and then decreases gradually. according to this law, the times and amount of topdressing should be adjusted reasonably. Topdressing is generally carried out in two stages, which can be applied twice at the trumpet stage 10 days after jointing and 10-15 days before the heading of corn, with the former light and the second heavier (the proportion is 2:3). The plot of one-time topdressing can be used in the early stage of the big trumpet mouth.
3. The proportion of fertilizer required in the three stages of maize growth is different, accounting for 2% of the total fertilizer needed at seedling stage, 85% at ear stage and 13% at grain stage. Corn from jointing to big cough mouth stage, is the peak period of fertilizer demand, fertilization to achieve reasonable fertilization, that is, the combination of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing; the combination of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; the combination of agricultural fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer. Base fertilizer should be fully applied, which is the basis. Generally, 2000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer, 7.5kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 5.5kg of potash fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer per mu.
4. Corn topdressing should be carried out as early as possible. The first method is to topdressing the front and the back to the ground, and the other is to use picks to dig the pit with a depth of more than 15 centimeters. When topdressing, it is necessary to combine chemical fertilizer and biological fertilizer to promote the good development of the root system. In general, 10 kilograms of urea per mu and 1 kilogram of biological fertilizer can promote the early ripening of corn.
(2) Urea
The amount of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) required (kg / mu) = (500 × 100 × 2.9-17 × 50%) / (46% × 40%) = 32.16 (kg / mu)
If the base fertilizer is 2000 kg per mu, the nitrogen content of the stable fertilizer is 0.45%, and the utilization rate is 30% in the current season, it is equivalent to 2.7kg of nitrogen (2000 × 0.45 × 30%), equivalent to 5.87kg of urea.
The actual amount of urea per mu is 326,587-26.74 (kg)
II. Peanuts
1. Peanut base fertilizer should be based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally speaking, compound fertilizer produced by regular manufacturers in circulation on the market can be used as base fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer should be determined according to the soil fertility, usually 20 kg for small mu (667 square meters) and 30 kg for large mu (1000 square meters). If you want to achieve accurate fertilization, you can carry out soil testing formula, fertilizing as needed. In addition, peanut continuous cropping will affect the yield, if not stubble, it is recommended to apply as much as possible fully mature farm manure, heavy stubble and other agents have a certain effect, but it is not recommended to use more.
2. Organic fertilizer must be combined with chemical fertilizer in the type of fertilization. Organic fertilizer contains not only rich and complete nutrient elements, but also organic matter which can improve soil structure. Chemical fertilizer contains single nutrient elements and high content of nitrogen available nutrients. The combined application of the two can promote each other, improve fertilizer efficiency, improve soil structure and continuously improve soil fertility.
3. The combination of previous crop fertilization and current crop fertilization.
When is the best time to use it?
1. Corn
The main results are as follows: 1. The conventional topdressing method of corn is divided into two topdressing methods or "one-shot" topdressing method in the whole growth period. The main results are as follows: 1) in two topdressing methods, 20-25 kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer was applied to maize at 3-5 leaf stage for the first time (promoting root thinness, stem and ear differentiation and growth).
2. 3-5 days before pollination, 15-20 kg urea per mu was applied to promote ear size, improve pollination quality, reduce protuberance, increase 1000-grain weight and increase yield. 2) in the case of 6-9 leaves of corn, 35-40 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer or 22-25 kg of urea was applied per mu. Note: when the soil is in poor condition, it should be watered and fertilized.
II. Peanuts
1. Fertilization principle: combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. Reasonable collocation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer, adequate basic fertilizer and proper topdressing.
2. Fertilization quantity: peanuts need a lot of nutrients in their lifetime. Generally, peanuts yield 300 kg / mu, organic fertilizer 3000 kg / mu, urea 15kg / mu, potassium chloride 15kg / kg, diammonium 15kg / mu. Or the content of peanut special fertilizer is 45% (10-18-17) 25 kg per mu.
3. Fertilization method: plastic film peanut fertilizer is applied at the bottom, without topdressing; open-field peanut phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied together with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer generally accounts for 50%-80% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and the rest is applied at the early flowering stage. Wheat peanut was topdressing at the early flowering stage. Foliar fertilizer spraying according to growth in the middle and later stages, such as boron, zinc (0.2%) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1%-0.2%) can protect leaves, roots and prolong the functional period of parietal leaves.
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