Summary of key points in the whole process of hanging bag cultivation of Auricularia auricula

Black fungus, also known as black vegetable, mulberry, this fungus, tree chicken, wood moth, wood antler, because of the shape of the ear, its nature flat taste sweet, human stomach, large intestine. It has the functions of nourishing, moistening dryness, nourishing blood and stomach, promoting blood circulation and stopping bleeding, moistening the lungs and intestines. So what are the key techniques of hanging bag cultivation of Auricularia auricula? Details are as follows:

The three-dimensional hanging bag cultivation technology in the black fungus greenhouse, due to the way of three-dimensional hanging, the number of the three-dimensional hanging bag is more than 3 times that of the traditional planting of Auricularia auricula in the same area, which makes the farmers in the mountain area have a higher yield in the same land area. At the same time, because the growth process of Auricularia auricula produced in greenhouse is little affected by weather, the quality is pure and pollution-free, the net profit of each bag is 0.5 ~ 1.0 yuan higher than that of planting Auricularia auricula, and the economic benefit is considerable. This paper expounds the main points of each production link of the greenhouse hanging bag cultivation technology, in order to make the technology better popularized locally, create higher economic benefits, and help farmers get rid of poverty as soon as possible.

Chen Yuanrong: a brief Analysis of the key points of hanging bag cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula

1. Preparation in advance

According to the characteristics of local microclimate, spring cultivation should be arranged to prepare materials and make bags more than two months before ear emergence, while autumn cultivation should be arranged to make bags when the average temperature drops below 22 °, and after autumn.

The raw materials needed are prepared according to the current cultivation scale and formula, such as sawdust, corncob, wheat bran, lime, folding pocket, cotton, fixed hole stick and so on. Raw materials must be selected with moderate particle size, no mildew and proper preservation. Sawdust particles are controlled in the size of soybeans and avoid using pine and fir with volatile resins.

2. Mixing and bagging

Simple formula: 79% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1% lime, pH7 color 8 (before sterilization according to different seasons)

Specific measures: spray the sawdust with clean water in advance, mix the powdered lime evenly into the wheat bran, and then mix well with the soaked sawdust (a small amount can be done with a shovel, but a large amount can be purchased with a small self-propelled stacking machine). Replenish water to make the moisture content up to 64% (you can see water between your fingers with your hands, but don't drop). After mixing, put it into a 17cm X35cm X0.04cm HDPE bag with a special machine, and insert the fixed hole stick after the socket. It is required to be solid and uniform, and the weight of each bag is about 1.2 kg. Put it upside down into the sterilization basket, put it on the sterilization cart, and push it into the atmospheric pressure sterilization cabinet after bagging.

From the beginning to the end of the bag, it is best not to exceed 3 hours, otherwise it is easy to cause a large number of bacteria in the bag to reduce the pH value in the bag, which is not conducive to the mycelium growth of Auricularia auricula.

Chen Yuanrong: a brief Analysis of the key points of hanging bag cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula

3. Bag sterilization

General use of atmospheric pressure sterilization, it is recommended to use sterilization cabinet, easy to use and good thermal insulation. In the discharge of bacteria package, must not be too compact, to leave enough water vapor flow channel. At the same time, put the cotton or sponge together to sterilize.

Heat the water ahead of time before bagging to shorten the waiting time for heating. After the cabinet door is closed, the fire heats up, and the temperature of the bag is raised to 100 degrees in the shortest time. During this period, the exhaust valve is opened slowly to drain the cold air, and then closed. The holding temperature can be raised to 105 degrees, so the holding time can be shortened to 8 hours, saving fuel. Do not drop the pressure halfway, otherwise you will have to extend the holding time.

4. Cooling inoculation

Clean up the inoculation room or tent in advance and put the necessary tools in it.

When the temperature of the bag drops to 60 degrees, it can be transported into the inoculation place, and be careful not to damage or stain the bag; fumigate with a disinfection fumigator for 24 hours after the transfer, and the inoculation can be arranged when the temperature drops to about 25.

Wipe the cultivated seeds with disinfectant and move them into the inoculation room.

When inoculating, one person takes a fixed hole stick, one person is vaccinated, and one person is stuffed with sponge or cotton. During the vaccination period, it is strictly forbidden for people to walk or go in and out at will, and it should be done at one time, so as to reduce pollution.

5. Germ culture

If it is vaccination account vaccination, it is recommended to cultivate directly in situ. When the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃, the temperature can be adjusted by covering the sunshade net and strengthening ventilation. If the temperature is too high, it is easy to cause the mycelium to be thin and weak, unable to accumulate nutrients, and weak in the later stage; if the temperature is too low, it can increase the number of bacteria packing layers and raise the local temperature.

Avoid light training, if you see the light midway, it is easy to lead to early ear, resulting in unnecessary losses.

The relative humidity of the air is 55% Murray 60%. Too high can easily cause mold to pollute the mouth of the bag.

The ventilation rate can be large or small in the early stage according to the temperature, and gradually increase the ventilation rate with the spread of mycelium.

6. Sprouting by bagging

When the mycelium is full, continue to culture for a week in order to accumulate enough nutrients. After the cultured bacterial bags were transported into the shed, they were opened with an opening machine, and the number of openings was 180 ~ 220. After opening, put the bacterial bag code in the greenhouse, generally 4 ~ 5 layers of bacterial bag height is better, to avoid the stack temperature is too high. The greenhouse covers the shade net for shading, requires astigmatism, increases the relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse, reaches more than 80%, and continues 5d~7d, so that after the hyphae of the bacterial bag is sealed out of the ear, the bag can be hung for ear management.

In the hanging bag 2d~3d, it is not possible to directly water the bacterial bag. The temperature adjustment depends on the shading net and plastic film, so that the temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. Pour water on the ground to keep the air relative humidity in the shed at about 80%. After the hyphae of the 2d~3d bag is restored, you can water the bag and spray water intermittently every day to make the humidity reach 90%. At this stage, do not pour heavy water, mainly moisturizing, ventilation twice a day, continuous 7d~10d, ear sprouts into mung bean size.

Until the ear buds are formed to the size of soybeans, the relative humidity of the air decreases and enters the fruiting body management stage.

Chen Yuanrong: a brief Analysis of the key points of hanging bag cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula

7. Ear management

Ear slices are differentiated at the edge of the fruiting body and gradually extend outward. At this stage, we should gradually increase the amount of water and ventilation, spray water as much as possible, and properly control the growth rate of the earpiece in order to ensure that the earpiece is black and thick. in principle, the temperature in the shed is higher than 25 ℃. Intermittent water spraying is usually carried out before 3: 00 p.m. to 9: 00 p.m. in early spring and watered from 5: 00 p.m. to 7: 00 p.m. after May, so that the air relative humidity is always kept at 90% 95%. Adopt intermittent watering, watering 30min~40min, stopping water 15min~20min, repeat 3 ~ 4 times. According to the temperature, generally put down the greenhouse film when watering, and roll the greenhouse film and sunshade net to the roof for ventilation and drying bags when not watered. Under normal circumstances, it is ventilated after spraying water, 3 ~ 4 times a day, in the morning and evening in hot weather, and at noon when the temperature is low. When the temperature and humidity are high, it can also be ventilated by covering the shade net and opening the plastic film around the shed to strictly prevent high temperature and humidity.

Chen Yuanrong: a brief Analysis of the key points of hanging bag cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula

8. Harvest and drying

When the auricularia auricula grows to the right size (depending on the variety), it can be harvested and can be picked about 3 times a day. Dry in time to prevent rain midway, pay attention to moisture.

9. Management of changing tide

After the first tide harvest, roll the plastic film and sunshade net to the top of the greenhouse, dry the bag for about 5 days, and then water management, that is, "dry, wet and wet" water management. Bag management is a key measure to avoid yellowing of ear slices. Lack of light, high temperature and rapid growth rate are the main reasons for the yellow and thin earpieces. The management method of the second tidal ear is roughly the same as that of the first tidal ear, and high humidity and large ventilation are the key technologies.

Chen Yuanrong: a brief Analysis of the key points of hanging bag cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula

Chen Yuanrong graduated from the College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University of Agriculture and Forestry in 2012. Since 2016, he has served as Deputy General Manager of Yang Lingtianshang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., mainly responsible for technical work. It has advanced fungus gardening work permit and science and technology commissioner certificate in Yangling demonstration zone.