How to use pig manure, cow manure, horse dung, sheep manure and poultry manure reasonably? How to ferment?

Manure is rich in organic matter and various nutrients needed by crops, which plays a good role in increasing crop yield and soil fertility, and has been widely used in agricultural production. In ancient times, there is a saying that "more manure is more fat, more fertilizer is Tian Wo, and Tian Wo is more valley". In recent years, with the increase of unreasonable application of manure, various problems follow.

The main components of all kinds of livestock manure:

The main components of livestock and poultry manure are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and its decomposing components, fats, organic acids, enzymes and various inorganic salts.

Pig manure

Pig manure contains 15% organic matter, 0.5% nitrogen, 0.5% phosphorus, 0.35% potassium and 0.45% potassium. Pig manure has fine texture and complex composition, including protein, fat, organic acid, cellulose, hemicellulose and inorganic salt. Because it contains more nitrogen, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is relatively small, about 14:1, which is generally easy to be decomposed by microorganisms, releasing nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by crops.

Pig manure contains the highest humus, the largest cation substitution, the strongest fertility, but more water content, less cellulose decomposing bacteria, mixed with a small amount of horse manure to inoculate cellulose decomposing bacteria, can greatly increase the fertilizer efficiency.

cow dung

Cow dung contains 14.5% organic matter, 0.30% nitrogen 0.45%, 0.15% phosphorus 0.25%, 0.10% potassium 0.15%. The content of organic matter and nutrients in all kinds of livestock is low, fine texture, more water, slow decomposition, low calorific value, and belongs to late-acting fertilizer.

Because of the high water content and poor ventilation, the organic matter in cow manure is difficult to decompose, so it is a cold fertilizer. Loose and high quality organic fertilizer can be obtained by drying fresh species and adding horse manure.

Horse dung

Horse dung contains 21% of organic matter, 0.4% of nitrogen, 0.3% of phosphorus and 0.35% of potassium. There are more cellulose and hemicellulose in horse dung. In addition, it also contains lignin, protein, fat, organic acid and many kinds of inorganic salts.

The water in horse manure is easy to evaporate and contains more fiber decomposing bacteria, which is a hot fertilizer. The application of horse manure can improve the properties of clay.

Sheep dung

Sheep dung contains 24027% organic matter, 0.7% nitrogen, 0.45% phosphorus and 0.4% potassium. Sheep dung contains more organic matter than other animal dung, the dung quality is finer, and the fertilizer content is thick.

The fever of sheep manure is between horse manure and cow manure, and it is also a hot fertilizer, also known as warm fertilizer, which has a good effect when applied on sandy soil and clayey soil.

Poultry manure

Poultry feces contain 25.5% organic matter, 1.63% nitrogen, 1.54% phosphorus, 0.85% potassium, 11% carbohydrates, 7% fiber, and high water content in fresh poultry feces.

The nitrogen in poultry manure (chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure, pigeon manure, etc.) is mainly uric acid, uric acid can not be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, and is harmful to crop root growth. at the same time, fresh poultry manure is easy to attract underground pests.

Advantages and disadvantages of manure:

Advantages chapter

Contains more comprehensive nutrients, fertilizer effect is stable and lasting not only contains a variety of large and medium micronutrient elements, but also contains some substances that can stimulate root growth and a variety of beneficial soil microorganisms.

Improving soil structure contains rich humic acid, which can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, soften soil, improve soil moisture and air conditions, benefit root growth, increase soil fertilizer and water retention performance, and increase soil temperature. promote the activity and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.

Regulating soil temperature manure can be divided into heat, temperature and coolness, and has the effect of regulating soil temperature.

Hidden danger chapter

The salt content of uncooked manure, especially poultry manure, is heavy, which is easy to salinize the soil and increase the soil salt concentration, which will lead to seed germination, seedling burning and root burning. It will also produce harmful gases and poison plants.

There are many bacteria, insect eggs and weed seeds in livestock feces, which can not only bring adverse effects to plants without high temperature fermentation, but also lead to diseases and insect pests.

Due to source problems, some manure may contain excessive trace elements, or even contain heavy metals and antibiotics, which will poison plants and affect the safety of agricultural products.

Because there are many impurities, the purity deviation is great, and the content of manure is so unstable that the nutrient content and effect of single application can not be guaranteed.

How on earth should manure be used?

1. Manure should be thoroughly mature when used.

After the manure is mature, the rapid decomposition is beneficial to the absorption of plants, and most of the harmful eggs and weed seeds will die in the high temperature and anaerobic environment of 60-70 ℃.

At present, there are three common methods of manure ripening:

First, combined with high-temperature greenhouse for manure ripening. The summer greenhouse has a long leisure period, which can be combined with high-temperature greenhouse for manure ripening, and the process of ripening fermentation is also a process of soil improvement. In the process of fermentation and ripening, the microorganisms in the soil are very active, which can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure.

Second, it is stuffy outside the shed. There is enough time for natural composting and fermentation, and when the time is short, biological ripening agents can be used when the compost is stuffy and mature.

Basic methods of composting:

① chooses sunny, high-lying places to avoid tuyere.

The shape of ② dung pile had better be spherical, and the height of dung pile should be more than 1.5m, which is beneficial to heating and heat preservation.

After ③ chooses the composting position, first lay a layer of disorderly grass or waste grass, and then compost farm manure to facilitate composting and drainage, while adding appropriate amount of water while composting.

There should be some cover on the ④ compost, such as plastic sheeting, and the compost surface needs to be sealed with mud in order to speed up fermentation in winter.

⑤ generally accumulates for about 10 days, and the temperature in the reactor can reach 60 ℃-70 ℃, which can be kept for about 10 hours. At this time, the top of the pile collapses, steaming, and there is no place to pour some water, and then immediately turn over the dung pile, which is better than that of the cadres, and then pile it as it is. In about 10 days, the reactor temperature rose to about 60 ℃ again and tipped again.

After the ⑥ compost is mature, the volume will shrink by about 1 pound 3, and the composting temperature will drop to slightly higher than the air temperature. At this time, the compost will be pressed to help preserve the compost.

The third is to use bacterial agent to ferment quickly. ETS bacteria are commonly used, which can shorten the ripening time of fermentation.

two。 Choose different manure according to different soil quality

The soil in some greenhouses is sandy and the leakage of water and fertilizer is serious, so the manure should be pure chicken manure or pure pig manure. This kind of manure has high purity and high nutrient content, because the dung is relatively sticky and heavy, so it has a good effect on improving the sandy soil with fertilizer leakage and water leakage.

Clayey soil should apply manure with high content of organic matter but low content of mineral elements, such as sheep manure, cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure containing sand, rice husk and straw, which can improve the physical properties of clayey soil and improve its water permeability and air permeability. This kind of manure is also very suitable for improving the greenhouse soil with serious salinization.

3. Turn the manure deeply after use.

A large amount of manure is concentrated in the soil 10cm to 15cm above the surface. Although it has been mixed with the soil, the manure is still relatively concentrated, even if the mature manure is used so much and the ploughing depth is shallow, it will also affect the root growth. Therefore, the application of manure should be turned deeply, and the general ploughing depth should be more than 30 cm.

4. Pay attention to use with each other

Although manure contains comprehensive nutrients, the total amount can not reach the absorption and utilization of crops, so the combined use of manure and chemical fertilizer can reduce the impact of chemical fertilizer residues on the soil. at the same time, ensure that the nutrients in chemical fertilizers can be absorbed and utilized by crops in time.

The combined use of manure and biological bacterial fertilizer can accelerate the decomposition of manure and accelerate the rate of soil improvement. The substances in manure can promote the reproduction of biological bacteria and consolidate the protective and growth-promoting effect of beneficial bacteria on root system.

Manure has a certain effect on soil improvement, but the effect is relatively slow, so the effect of sea elves combined with mineral humic acid, seaweed extract and other biological stimulants is better. In addition, sea elves can also stimulate plant wildness and promote the optimal expression of plant genes.

Recommended reading: what is the process of fermenting cow dung into organic fertilizer? What are the advantages of farm manure compared with chemical fertilizer?