When is the best time to prune the vine? How do you cut it?

In the process of grape growth, in addition to basic water and fertilizer management, but also pruning to promote tree growth, and grape pruning can be divided into spring shear, summer shear and winter shear, so in pruning, must grasp the good time, that grape tree when pruning good? How?

vine pruning time

Winter pruning usually begins 2-3 weeks after natural defoliation. In the eastern, central and southern regions of Henan Province, grapes do not need to be buried in winter for cold protection, and they are mostly cut in winter in January. At this time, the organic nutrients in grape trees have been transferred to vines and roots, which can reduce the loss of nutrients in winter cuttings to a minimum. In the northern part of Henan Province (such as Anyang, which is the boundary between buried soil cold protection and unburied soil cold protection areas in China), cold damage often occurs due to early low temperature. In order to facilitate buried soil cold protection, pre-cutting (middle and late November) can be carried out before burying soil, cutting off weak branches and branches that do not need to be preserved. After being unearthed in spring next year, comprehensive pruning can be carried out once again.

Trimming method:

1. Pruning for annual branches: the new shoots that are sprouted in the current year are called annual branches after falling leaves, and the new shoots that can be sprouted in the next year (vegetative branches) or fruit shoots with ears (fruit branches). It can be used as an extension branch to expand the shelf surface and a fruiting mother branch to arrange the fruiting position. According to the length of pruning in winter, it is customarily divided into: very short shoots (leaving 1 bud), short shoots (2-3 buds), medium shoots (4-5 buds), long shoots (more than 6 buds) and super long shoots (more than 10 buds). Grape branches, especially annual branches, are solid only at the diaphragm of the node. When pruning, they should be cut at the diaphragm to protect the cut buds from too close to the wound, low temperature, drought and strong wind. Specific application, according to the following circumstances to treat differently.

(1)Varieties: Some varieties in Eurasian population, such as longan, beauty finger, kelunsheng seedless, etc., should be pruned mainly with medium and long shoots as fruit mother branches, and more buds should be left when pruning mother branches; on the contrary, varieties with weak growth potential, such as rose fragrance, Victoria, Heibinuo, etc., can leave 1-2 buds less when pruning fruit mother branches, mainly with short and medium shoots.

(2)The sturdiness of branch length: The ideal thickness of the mother branch should be 0.8-1.2 cm, not the thicker the branch, the better! Because too thick branches, often leggy, the growth of its bud eye development will be poor. In the same variety, stronger branches should be pruned to leave more buds, whereas weaker branches should leave fewer buds.

(3)Branch position: in the frame surface periphery, and there is room for development, should stay long; such as in the fruit mother branch (position) below, using double branch renewal as a preparatory branch, must stay short. For the fruiting mother branch on the top of single hedge frame, when there is no need to expand the frame surface, the strong branch should also be kept short to avoid the rapid upward movement of the fruiting position. On perennial vine, the branch sent out by hidden bud is generally thinner. When cultured as fruiting part, it should be short-cut to retain (1-2 buds), so that it can be changed from weak to strong.

(4)Summer and autumn weather conditions: summer and autumn season is an important moment for further differentiation of grape flower buds, such as continuous shade, more rain, flower bud formation node position will be improved, in order to ensure the second year of production, winter pruning, should consider leaving 1-2 buds appropriately.

(5)The site conditions of vineyards: vineyards with poor soil and poor fertilizer and water conditions should appropriately leave less fruiting mother branches and buds during winter shearing; on the contrary, vineyards with strong soil and comprehensive management in place can leave more mother branches and long leaves, but not too many and too long, excessive will be counterproductive.

(6)Tree vigor: Generally speaking, strong trees can stay more and longer, on the contrary, weak trees should stay less and short. However, grape is a particularly sensitive tree species, for weak trees, as long as the future good management, there will be a better turnaround in that year.

2. For perennial vines: perennial vines are the skeleton of grapes, branch tissue is relatively loose, branch profile shows that its pith accounts for a large proportion, especially sensitive to thinning reaction, continuous thinning branches are easy to weaken tree potential, especially for perennial vines, avoid corresponding scars! Grape pruning should master "should be blocked not sparse." And according to the vine growth situation treated differently.

(1)Tendril age: 1-2 years of young tendrils, growth potential is more prosperous, in order to expand the frame surface and increase the fruit position, you can appropriately stay more branches, long buds. For vines aged 5-6 years, attention should be paid to the use of strong branches at the back of the vine for retraction and renewal or the use of sprouts to culture into vines.

(2)vine growth posture: on a vine, vertical growth of vine strong prosperous, and horizontal growth of vine, often more moderate or weak. In order to balance the tree potential of the whole tree, weak vines are often erected to make them stronger, while for strong vines, their angles can be increased to make them weak from strong to weak, thus balancing the growth potential of the whole tree.

(3)Distribution of mother branches on vines: on perennial vines, if there are strong branches at the back, you can take the method of retraction to renew and rejuvenate. But in production more is the vine tip also has stronger branches, and in the lower part or the rear part of the vine has appeared bald, for this weak vine, can press the rear bald part of the vine into the ground, let it grow roots (increase root quantity), to winter according to the tree growth status, will be separated from the mother or continue to retain culture.

(4)Sparse vine: the main vine that has obviously lost economic benefits should be completely sparse. When thinning vines, the kerf should be below the ground, the kerf should be smooth, and it can be flattened with a sharp knife. It is best to apply protective agent.

3. Grape pruning special point: grape is a vine fruit tree, annual growth, like light, but it does not have a strong xylem, but the pith accounts for a large proportion, which determines the grape pruning and many other fruit trees different points. In short, there are three points, namely,"the amount of branches left on the unit frame surface should be thin and not thick; the pruning of branches should be blocked and not sparse; when pruning annual branches, they should be cut from the diaphragm on the node."