What do peas look like? When to sow and harvest? How long is the growth cycle? What are the planting methods?

Peas are also known as green beans, wheat peas, cold beans, wheat beans, snow beans, Bidou, Ma tired and so on. The florescence is from June to July and the fruiting period is from July to September. What does it look like? When will you sow and reap? How long is the growth cycle? What are the planting methods? According to legume data, pea annual climbing herbs, 0.5-2 meters high, the whole plant is green, smooth and glabrous, covered with powder. Leaves with 4-6 leaflets, stipules larger than leaflets, leaflike, cordate, lower margin denticulate. Leaflets ovoid; flowers solitary or several arranged in racemes in leaf axils; calyx campanulate, deeply 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate; Corolla varied in color, but mostly white and purple, stamens (9mm 1). Ovary glabrous, style flattened, inside bearded. Pods swollen, long oval, apex obliquely acute, dorsal nearly straight, with hard papery endothelium on the inside; seeds 2-10, round, turquoise, wrinkled or absent, turning yellow when dry.

When will peas be sown and harvested?

According to the different sowing seasons of peas, the areas north of the Yangtze River are generally sown from March to April and harvested from July to August, while those to the south of the Yangtze River are generally sown at the end of September or early October to November, and harvested from April to May the following year, which is the autumn sowing area.

How long is the growth cycle of peas?

The growth cycle of pea seedlings is 5m / L for 8 days. The ripening time of pea is 65-75 days for early-maturing species, 75-100 days for middle-maturing varieties and 100-185 days for late-maturing varieties.

What are the methods of growing peas?

1. Seed selection and sprouting: 40% salt water is used to select seeds before sowing to remove unsubstantial or pest-infested seeds. The seeds were germinated before sowing, and when the seeds were sprouted, the seeds were treated at a low temperature of 0 ℃ for 15 days before sowing.

2. Mixing seed with rhizobium: mixing seed with rhizobium for pea is an effective measure to increase production. After mixed with rhizobium, the root nodule increased, the stem and leaf grew exuberantly, the pod was more, and the yield was high. The method of seed dressing is to use rhizobium 10g to 19g per mu, add a little water and mix well with the seeds before sowing.

3. Sowing at the right time: barnyard manure, compost and a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied before sowing in the field, especially phosphate fertilizer has obvious effect on increasing production. Peas are sowed on demand, with row spacing of 10 cm, plant spacing of 5 cm, 2-6 seeds per hole, and cover soil 5-6 cm when the soil is wet. The soil is thicker when it is dry. Use 10kg to 15kg per mu.

Cultivation techniques

1. Cultivation system: avoid continuous cropping of peas. Continuous cropping can cause toxicity to the following peas and aggravate the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, so peas usually have to rotate with other crops. White flower varieties avoid continuous cropping more than purple flower varieties, and their rotation years need to be longer. Peas can also be mixed and intercropped with other crops.

2. Land selection: drip irrigation has a lower plea for soil, which is beneficial to seedling survival and crop growth, so the land with deep soil layer, light soil salinity and medium fertility can be planted.

3. Loosening and fertilization: loosen the soil several times after sowing, in order to increase the ground temperature to promote root growth, seedlings are strong, sown in autumn, cultivate the soil once before overwintering, keep warm and prevent freezing over the winter, loosen the soil and weed in time after the beginning of spring, and increase the soil temperature. Before flowering, peas were watered with small water to pursue quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to accelerate plant growth and promote differentiation, and then loosen the soil to preserve soil moisture. When the stem begins to set pods, the amount of water is slightly increased, and phosphorus and potash fertilizer are applied. The soil should always be kept moist during the peak podding period. To ensure the moisture needed for pod development. In the later stage of podding, bean seedlings are ridged and watered less. When the vine plant is 30 cm high, the bracket begins. Peas are harvested in batches and fertilized once for each harvest.

4. Make up the leakage and top dressing: check the seedling to make up the deficiency in time after emergence, ploughing and weeding for 1 or 2 times. The heavy application of topdressing at seedling stage, especially the fields with no or less application of base fertilizer, generally apply 5kg of compound fertilizer or 5kg of urea or 1000 kg of rotten human feces and urine per mu. When the temperature rises in spring and the plant begins to elongate, the long-culm varieties insert small bamboos or branched branches (defoliated) between the rows so that the bean plants can climb and grow. Peas are not resistant to water stains, so we should pay attention to clear ditches and drain water in spring. More nutrients are needed for flowering and podding, with 7.5 kg of urea and 5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu. During the grain filling period, 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed twice.

5. Pest control: pea diseases mainly include root rot, brown spot, powdery mildew, brown stripe, etc., and pests mainly include black miner, leaf miner, etc. The editor has explained in detail in the article "pea pest control techniques". Please read it.

6. Timely harvest: the harvest time is determined according to the way of eating. Generally, peas are harvested when the seeds are full 15-18 days after flowering, dried peas are harvested at 70%-80% when the pods are withered and yellow, and vegetable peas are harvested when the young pods are not present at 12-14 days after flowering. Pea seedlings are harvested at the tip when the seedling height is 18 cm about 30 days after sowing, and those used as feed are harvested in full bloom, and those used as green manure are pressed in time after pod harvest.