How to grow grapes? When will you plant it? What kind of medicine do you need?

Grapes, also known as Putao, grass dragon beads, purple cherries, Bodhi seeds, mountain gourds, are cultivated all over the world, flowering from April to May and fruiting from August to September. So how do you plant it? When will you plant it? What kind of medicine do you need? It is learned from Uncle Gao, a grape grower in Hunan, that it is generally cut from January to February and transplant from March to April. The survival rate of transplanting grapevine is the highest, and the survival rate is also very high in the areas where there is no need to bury the soil to protect against cold, and the grapevine is transplanted about 10 days after defoliation in autumn.

How to grow grapes?

Frame style. Grape is a perennial trailing fruit tree, which needs to be erected in order to maintain a certain space and fruit shape and obtain higher yield. It has to be set up in the first year, and you can't climb smoothly.

1. Hedgerow: the surface of the frame is perpendicular to the ground, similar to a fence. At present, single-wall hedgerows are mostly used, with a height of more than 2 meters, and a pillar is erected every 4 meters. Wood, stone and cement columns can be used to pull 12tel 14 lead wire every 40 centimeters.

2, greenhouse frame: the row spacing is more than 6 meters, the distance between horizontal and longitudinal pillars is about 2 meters, there are generally 5 rows of columns in the horizontal direction, the first row of columns is about 1 meter away from the grape plant, the height of the first row of columns is about 1 meter, the height of the second row of columns is 1.5 meters, and the height of the third row of columns is 2.3 meters, so that the tops of the third row of columns are in a straight line, and the fourth, fifth and sixth rows of columns are 2.5 meters high and 2.7 meters high, and the height is basically the same or higher.

Small scaffolding: the row spacing is within 6 meters, and the construction method is the same as that of the greenhouse.

3. Horizontal greenhouse frame: suitable for courtyard cultivation. Planting grapes in the garden can increase income, afforest and beautify the environment. The greenhouse frame is generally used to occupy more space and less land, and the space including the roof can be used.

4. Cuttage propagation

No root cuttings (open-field cuttings), after the stored branches are taken out of the ditch in spring, soak indoors with clean water for 6-8 hours, and then cut. Generally, the branches are cut into cuttings with 2-3 buds. Cuttings are generally about 20 cm long, and varieties with long internodes leave only 1-2 buds on each cuttings. When cutting cuttings, the upper end is cut flat at 1 cm above the bud, and the lower end is obliquely cut at the bottom of the bud. The cut is "Malta-shaped" (it is easy to take root when it is close to the hole of the bud). The bud eye in the upper part of the cuttage should be full and full, and if the first bud eye is damaged after cutting, the second bud eye can germinate, which is beneficial to improve the survival rate of cutting.

5. Striping propagation

The striping method is a propagation method to make some branches of a big tree take root and leave the mother plant. Horizontal striping can make use of 1-2-year-old extra branches, or new shoots or secondary shoots of the same year can be used to raise seedlings.

The method of corrugated striping is similar to the method of generating ripe root tiller strips in one year, except that the strips are bent up and down in the ditch and pressed into the bottom of the ditch with wood weight or iron hook to facilitate rooting.

Before sprouting at the end of spring, the 1-2-year-old branches are covered with soil at the base of the right branches in plastic bags, or with rented bamboo slips and small flowerpots, which are filled with nutritious soil, and the branches are covered, fixed and watered to take root. Generally in the lower part of the flowerpot after July-August, the base of the branch is gradually cut off, separated from the mother, and become an independent plant.

6. Grafting propagation

The method of green branch split grafting is the main grafting method of grape seedling at present. In the northern part of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, the grafting time can be as long as one month from mid-May to mid-June, and the grafting time is even longer in southern Liaoning Province and southern Shandong and Hebei provinces for more than two months.

Grafting method: mainly split grafting. First of all, select the semi-lignified green branch scion, the bud eye had better make use of the summer buds that just germinated but did not spit leaves, the survival rate was high and the growth was fast after grafting. If summer buds have grown 3-4 leaves, remove secondary shoots and use winter buds. Winter buds germinate slowly, but grow fast and stout after germination. The thickness and maturity of rootstock and panicle branches are the same, and the survival rate is high.

What kind of medicine do you need to grow grapes?

1. Grape anthracnose

Control measures: ⑴ thoroughly remove diseased ears, diseased vines and diseased leaves in order to reduce the source of bacteria. In the south of the Yangtze River, it can be bagged immediately after Xiehua. ⑵ strengthens the cultivation management, timely rectifies, binds the vine, picks the heart, makes the shelf surface ventilated. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. During the sprouting stage, ⑶ sprayed 0.3% pentachlorophenol sodium plus 4-degree stone sulfur mixture, or 150x fumarate, or 100x bacillus as a scavenging agent. ⑷ south from late April, the north in late May, spray control, and then generally every 10-15 days spray, can spray 80% anthrax Fumei 700-800 times, 50% chlorothalonil 600-700 times, 50% methamphetamine or mancozeb 800 times. There are many Rain Water in the south, and adhesive agents such as "6501" 1500 times or 0.03% murine 0.05% leather glue are added to the liquid.

2. Grape white rot

Control measures: ⑴ thoroughly remove diseased branches, diseased ears and diseased leaves. ⑵ pruning in time, raising the fruiting part, weeding in time, and paying attention to drainage. For overgrown plants, it is forbidden to apply nitrogen fertilizer before flowering. ⑶ in the north, after the grapes are unearthed, they are sprayed with 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture or 100x chlorothalonil, and the young fruit stage (in June) is sprayed every 15 days or so until harvest. In the south, it is necessary to grasp the control work during the inflorescence separation period (from late April to early May), 7 days after flowering, and half a month before maturation. The main medicaments are half-dose, equal or double Bordeaux solution, 75% chlorothalonil 800-fold solution, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 700-fold solution, 70% thiophanate 700-fold solution or 50% antiseptic 800-fold solution. ⑷ developed disease-resistant varieties. The incidence of white rot on Jufeng grape is mild. In the south, varieties that mature earlier than Jufeng should be developed as far as possible, or by promoting cultivation to avoid the peak of white rot.

Grape black pox

Control methods: ⑴ combined with summer pruning or in the whole growing season, thoroughly cut off diseased shoots, diseased fruits and leaves; thoroughly clean up dead branches and leaves after autumn pruning, and bury them deeply after concentrated burning, so as to minimize the source of bacteria. Rational application of potash fertilizer to ⑵. In order to prevent the overgrowth of plants, enhance the tree potential, improve disease resistance, the shelf surface should be reasonable, and maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions. ⑶ spring plants unearthed before germination, spray pentachlorophenol sodium 200x solution, or 3-5 Baumedu Shilu mixture; before and after anthesis, spray 0.5VR200-240Bordeaux solution once before and after anthesis, and other agents are 75% chlorothalonil 500x solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution.