Chinese herbal medicine Panax notoginseng blight, virus disease, black spot what medicine? What are the symptoms?

Panax notoginseng alias Tian Qi, with the root of medicine, has the effect of dispersing blood stasis and activating blood, detumescence and pain, and hemostasis. Its position in the production of traditional Chinese medicine is second only to ginseng. What are the drugs for panax notoginseng epidemic disease, virus disease and black spot disease? What are the symptoms?

Epidemic disease

Panax notoginseng blight, also known as "leaf rot", commonly known as "clear water disease" and "leaf rot", is a common disease in the cultivation of Panax notoginseng. Wind and rain and human farming are the main ways of disease transmission.

Panax notoginseng blight has the characteristics of strong sudden onset and short course of disease, which often brings different degrees of yield loss to Qinong. Panax notoginseng blight often occurs in rainy seasons. the shade shed of Panax notoginseng garden is too dense and humidity is too high, and the disease is mild when the drought and less rain turns cool. It starts from March to April and ends from late October to early November. the peak period of the disease is from April to May and August to October, sometimes to early November. From June to August, when Rain Water was more concentrated, the incidence of the disease was lower, mainly because the rainfall during this period was mostly cloudy and rainy and the temperature was on the low side.

The main conditions of the disease:

The main results are as follows: 1. Panax notoginseng epidemic disease occurs in rainy season, the shade shed of Panax notoginseng garden is too dense and humidity is too high, and the disease is lighter when the drought and less rain weather turns cool.

2. It is easy to be popular during the rainy season or when the humidity in the shed is too high. At this time, attention should be paid to opening the garden door for ventilation.

3. Remove the residual branches of diseased plants and reduce the primary infection source of bacteria.

Symptom

The symptoms of stem damage of Panax notoginseng plants varied with the age of seven.

Seven times a year: the base of the pseudostem contracted in water after being infected, which eventually caused the seven seedlings to droop from the base and lodge.

Seven years and three years: when the stem was damaged, the damaged part was dehydrated and constricted; the base damage could make some plants lodge. If the pathogen continues to spread to damage, it will lead to root rot. At the top of the stem and flower axis, the damaged part is water-immersed constriction and kink, and Qinong is called "twisted chicken leg". If the inflorescence is damaged, dried flowers are formed. If the air humidity in the garden is high, a thin layer of white mildew can be seen at the disease site.

When the stem base or bud is damaged, the diseased tissue is immersed in water, the disease boundary is not obvious, and sometimes a very thin gray mildew layer can be seen. When the base of the stem is dehydrated and constricted, the aboveground plants wither and wilt and finally lodge. When the root is damaged, the initial damaged part is dehydrated, and then rot occurs, which is characterized by wet rot.

How should we prevent and cure it?

Agricultural prevention and control: ① implements rotation ② deep sunburn ③ reasonable fertilization ④ ventilation and dehumidification ⑤ shade shed light transmission uniform ⑥ to strengthen the management of seven gardens.

Chemical control:

Formula 1: double volts + Dasheng + Yongguan + banconin + top + Pythium

Formula 2: extremely moist + Jin Kefan + Luke + Huirui + Shidian + carbendan

Formula 3: handheld diamond + Dameilu + Yongguan + rotten + Zhuolu

Formula 4: Dejin + Duplex Fuma + Huifu + lead + Xi Rui + Farmer

Formula 5: Xitai (Xiupu) + Shuangqing + profit + Grey + influence.

Viral disease

Panax notoginseng virus disease is also one of the main diseases in Panax notoginseng production at present. At present, the incidence rate is 5% to 15%, and the serious seven gardens have an incidence rate of more than 70%.

Symptoms:

(1) shrinkage

The seeds with virus emerged late, and after emergence, the plants were short, the leaves were shrunk, and the leaves were seriously wrinkled into clusters.

Some susceptible plants can expand slowly after growing for a period of time, but compared with healthy plants, the leaves are generally narrow and small, and a small number of leaves are deformed due to growth imbalance.

(2) arbuscular branches

In the top of the stem of Panax notoginseng directly planted petiolule, there is no obvious compound petiole differentiation, forming a clump of branches.

(3) mosaic

There are two symptoms:

In the early stage, the veins were yellow and white, and the mesophyll between veins was light yellow; in the later stage, the veins were yellowish brown and withered, and the mesophyll between veins was yellow. The leaves of Panax notoginseng are yellow and green, and when they are serious, the wrinkled leaves can not be unfolded.

The mesophyll of Panax notoginseng showed uneven chlorotic patches, and the healthy tissue had no obvious demarcation, but the leaf veins remained green, and the plants with mild disease could survive for a long time and did not affect the seed setting of the plants, but the collected seeds showed obvious mosaic symptoms after emergence in the following year; the seriously diseased plants grew weaker than other plants because they could not carry out photosynthesis normally.

The regularity of disease:

The plants with panax notoginseng virus disease were more likely to show in the leaf expansion stage (March-May), but the plants with chlorosis virus disease were more likely to show in the middle and later stages of the growth period of Panax notoginseng. In general, the occurrence of virus disease is more serious in winter and spring than in dry years.

Route of transmission and conditions of onset:

The disease virus is mainly carried by seeds or seedlings of Panax notoginseng and is mainly transmitted by aphids.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) Agricultural prevention and control: when selecting land for ①, try not to use the former plot of flue-cured tobacco as Panax notoginseng land, because it is one of the root causes of Panax notoginseng virus disease.

② chose to use disease-free seeds and seedlings, especially careful not to leave the fruits of plants infected with the virus as seeds.

③ should strengthen field management, control the occurrence of insect pests in time, remove weeds and diseases in seven gardens, and concentrate on deep burial treatment.

(2) Pesticide control:

① Fulidu + Zhi Bei Jian + Wanjia Trace + Haozintai + Meibang Gold idea

② Ningnanmycin + Baozhi Bitai + Neng Baiwang + Zhuomite + General

Black spot disease

Black spot of Panax notoginseng is a common and serious disease, with a general incidence of 20% of 35%, and more than 90% of the serious ones.

Symptom

Black spot of Panax notoginseng can infect all parts of Panax notoginseng. When the leaves are susceptible, nearly round or irregular waterlogged spots are produced at the leaf tip, leaf margin and the middle of the leaves. Under dry conditions, the disease spots are easy to perforate or break; under wet conditions, the disease spots expand rapidly, reaching the 1max of the whole leaf, which is called falling off leaves.

When the stem, petiole and floral axis were damaged, the disease spot first showed oval yellow-brown disease spot, then the disease spot expanded up and down, sunken, when the stem disease was serious, the plant fell down, and the upper part of the diseased plant withered and withered.

Pathogen

The pathogen of black spot disease of Panax notoginseng belongs to semi-knowing subphylum, Trichoderma, from Cladospora, Alternaria (higher fungi).

Morbidity regularity

The black spot of Panax notoginseng overwintered with conidia and mycelium in the stump of the diseased plant, seeds, seedlings, pine hair and soil. When the temperature rose in the second year and the conditions were suitable, the pathogen began to infect Panax notoginseng.

High temperature and humidity conditions contribute to the occurrence and transmission of black spot disease of Panax notoginseng. In addition, the stronger the light transmittance, the more serious the disease, too much fertilization, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, the growth of Panax notoginseng, poor disease resistance, which is conducive to the occurrence and epidemic of black spot.

Prevention and cure measures

(1) choose seven places. It is appropriate to choose land with high topography, good soil permeability and unplanted Panax notoginseng.

(2) do a good job in field management. Build a shade shed with suitable light, apply fertilizer reasonably, and pay attention to the cleanliness of the seven gardens.

(3) seed selection and seed treatment. It is best to choose the first batch of three years and seven years, the second batch of disease-free, big and full red seeds to raise seedlings. And disinfect the seeds.

(4) select seedlings and disinfect them. After getting rid of the disabled, sick, weak and weak seedlings that are not suitable for planting, disinfect them with chemicals.

(5) Seven gardens are clean. After Panax notoginseng gets rid of the remains of the diseased plant thoroughly, the soil moisture and grass are destroyed centrally, and the garden is cleared according to the incidence of Panax notoginseng in that year. After the panax notoginseng leaves, the fungicide 2Mel should be re-sprayed 3 times before emergence to control the overwintering pathogen and reduce the source of primary infection in the second year.

(6) Pesticide control. After the emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings, it is found that the central diseased plants should be marked with bamboo sticks, and the key point is to carry out chemical control in time after clearing the diseased and residual plants. Usually 7Mel is sprayed once every 10 days.

Recommended: 1. Golden Polar Crown + Puyijia, spray

2. Xiuze + Xiuku, spray treatment