How much is a red Fuji apple sapling? What are the cultivation techniques? What are the places of origin?

Red Fuji is a general term for the coloring system of Fuji, which is selected from the bud (branch) of ordinary Fuji. It is characterized by large, red and round, with an average size like a baseball. So how much is the apple sapling? What are the cultivation techniques? What are the places of origin? It is learned from the apple planting base in Taian, Shandong that the price of red Fuji apple seedlings is about 1.4. In the process of planting, attention should be paid to dredging some useless branches, such as disease and insect branches, dense branches, overgrown branches and so on. The methods include cutting short backbone branches, shrinking too long and too large fruiting branches, auxiliary branches and weak backbone branches. Its function is to adjust the angle and extension direction of backbone branches, auxiliary branches and fruiting branches, control the proportion of flower and leaf buds, and balance tree potential, so as to achieve the purpose of high yield and high yield.

What are the cultivation techniques of red Fuji apple trees?

1. Growth characteristics of red Fuji apple trees.

(1) exuberant growth. Red Fuji apples become crowned quickly, and two-year-old Fuji can be 167% of the same age as Guoguang.

(2) early fruit and high yield. Red Fuji apple has more axillary flower buds, and the early axillary flower buds account for about 20% of the total flower buds; at the initial stage, long fruit branches and axillary flower buds account for a certain proportion, but they soon turn to short fruit branches, especially dwarf rootstock trees. Five-year-old M7 rootstock long rich 6 short fruit branches up to 89%; under the same conditions, it is earlier and more productive than Guoguang, and it can bear fruit in three years.

(3) excellent quality and resistance to storage. The red Fuji apple is large and beautiful, with a single fruit weight of 200 to 300g; the coloring period is earlier, 15 to 20d earlier than Guoguang; the coloring is uniform, and the colored surface can reach more than 80%; the quality is excellent, the peel is thin, the pulp is crisp, sweet and juicy, and contains 13% 16% soluble solids; it has been stored for a long time.

2. Cultivation techniques:

(1) grafting is used for propagation and cultivation. The rootstocks have Arbor rootstocks and dwarfing rootstocks. Commonly used Qiaohua rootstocks are: Liriodendron, Xifu begonia, bauhinia, dwarfing rootstock mainly introduced British varieties. Adopt wide row close planting, line to the north and south. The soil was planted before freezing in autumn and winter in the south and thawed in spring in the north. The self-fruiting strength of apple is poor, so pollination trees must be configured when planting.

(2) Apple is a temperate fruit tree that likes low temperature and dryness, which requires no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. The suitable temperature range is that the annual average temperature is 9 ℃ 14 ℃, the extremely low temperature in winter is not less than-12 ℃, the maximum monthly temperature in summer is not higher than 20 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature of 10 ℃ in ≥ is about 5000 ℃, the average temperature in growing season (April-October) is 1218 ℃, and the low temperature under 7.2 ℃ in winter is 1200 Mel 1500 hours in order to pass the natural dormancy smoothly. Due to the lack of low temperature time, leaves and flowering were delayed and irregular, and some flower buds did not even sprout. In May, the scales loosened and fell off and became withered piles, which seriously reduced the yield. The absolute low temperature was lower than-30 ℃ and frost injury occurred again.

(3) although apple originated in the dry inland climate area in summer, it likes dry environment, but it still needs sufficient water and suitable air humidity in order to grow and develop normally, but too much rainfall and humidity will lead to dense branches and leaves, serious diseases and insect pests, fruit color difference, low sugar and acid concentration. Generally speaking, the annual rainfall is 500m / 1000 mm and the air humidity is 60% / 70%.

(4) Apple is a light-loving fruit tree. According to the determination, the light compensation point of most varieties is 600mur940 lux, and the saturation point is 24000 lux. Lack of light directly reduces photosynthesis and tree nutrition level, and affects fruit coloring and sugar transformation; strong direct light too much and irradiation time is too long, it is easy to cause branches and fruit burns. Therefore, we must select a good garden and do a good job of shaping and pruning, improve ventilation and light transmission and reasonable leaf screen layer, in order to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages.

(5) flat land, mountainous area, beach and river beach can be planted, but the gentle slope land with sunny, open, leeward and surrounding vegetation has good light, convenient irrigation and drainage, and planting is the best; depression and Qinggou, although the soil layer is deep, but the light is poor, the rainy season is easy to accumulate water, and the air humidity is too high; steep slopes, shallow soil, thin soil, heavy soil erosion, are not conducive to the growth of fruit trees.

(6) the requirement of soil is not strict, including clay, sand and loam, but the sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil is the best. The clayey soil with shallow soil and too much gravel must be improved before it can be planted. The range of pH adaptation is PH 5.3mur8.2, and the most suitable range is 5.4mur6.8. Less than 5.4, excessive acid, easy to appear boron deficiency, calcium deficiency caused by fruit shrinkage disease and bitter pox disease; higher than 7.8, partial alkali, easy to appear iron deficiency, causing leaf chlorosis.

(7) Red Fuji of common type of Qiao rootstock was planted with 405 × 660 plants per hectare (27 × 44 plants per mu), and the row spacing was 3 × 4 m × 5 m. Dwarfing interstocks (M26, MM106, M7) were planted with 660,990 plants per hectare (40,66 plants per mu), and the row spacing was 2.5 × 4 × 5 m.

(8) Red Fuji young trees should pay attention to the opening angle, cut short the central stem and extended branches properly, and gently cut and put other branches that do not affect the shape of the tree. Attention should be paid to the cultivation of loose and clear tree structure, timely thinning of overdense developing branches and competitive branches, keeping the inner chamber full of light, and attention should be paid to shortening and retraction of fruiting branches.

What are the producing areas of red Fuji apples?

Red Fuji apples are native to southeastern Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus. It was introduced into Shandong Province around 1870, and Red Fuji Apple was introduced and bred in Zhucheng since 1982. Five single lines of Changfu 1, Changfu 2, Changfu 6, Qiufu 1 and Yanfu 10 were introduced, which became one of the earlier counties and cities in Shandong Province to develop the production of Red Fuji apple. In recent years, it has been widely cultivated in Liaoning, North China and Northwest provinces.