The way of agricultural transformation: how to solve the "hoop spell"?

At present, China's economy has entered a new normal, and agricultural development is facing new challenges such as capping the price of agricultural products, raising the floor of production costs, and intensifying the "hard constraints" of resources and environment. As the basic industry of our country, agriculture has reached the important level of adjusting the structure and changing the mode of development.

A few days ago, the General Office of the State Council issued the "opinions on speeding up the Transformation of the Mode of Agricultural Development" (abbreviated as "opinions") to provide guidance for China's agricultural transformation and development. In the process of speeding up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, how to ensure national food security? How to promote the transformation of agricultural management mode? How to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution and put agriculture on the track of sustainable development? Authoritative experts responded to this.

Ensuring food security: realizing "storing grain in the ground" and "storing grain in technology"

Does changing the mode of agricultural development mean relaxing food production?

In this regard, Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu made it clear: "changing the mode of agricultural development must not mean relaxing grain production and must not weaken the comprehensive production capacity of agriculture." The "opinion" proposes to persist in taking the enhancement of grain production capacity as the primary prerequisite. Make sure that the rice bowl is firmly in your own hands at all times, and consolidate the foundation for changing the mode of agricultural development. "

Since 2004, China's grain production has increased for 11 consecutive years, and the comprehensive production capacity has reached a new level of 600 million tons, but in recent years, the development space of China's grain production has been squeezed multiple times.

At the same time, the continuous increase in grain production in China has also accumulated many problems, such as excessive input of factors, environmental deterioration, and so on. Under the influence of many unfavorable factors, such as the instability of planting area, the decline of investment, the impact of international low grain prices, and so on, we must directly face the new challenges and problems in the development of grain production in the future. " Wang Dongyang, director of the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said.

In this regard, the "opinions" have made corresponding adjustments in the idea of ensuring national food security, proposing to promote the transformation of grain production from paying attention to annual output to steadily increasing grain production capacity, realizing "stable output", "storing grain in the land" and "storing grain in technology". Take the connotative development road of relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the level of per unit yield.

Comprehensive research shows that 800 million mu of high-standard farmland should be built by 2020. At the same time, we should rely on scientific and technological progress, earnestly preserve grain arable land and grain sown area, improve soil fertility, improve technology, and increase per unit yield. " Wang Dongyang said.

Promote "one after another": leave more of the income in the producing area and leave it to farmers.

In China's agricultural production, a large population and little land is a basic national condition, and the scale of land per household is only more than 7 mu, which is not conducive to the optimal allocation of resources and the effective improvement of labor productivity, and slows down the process of agricultural modernization to a certain extent.

Experts pointed out that in the long run, promoting the transformation of agriculture from the decentralized management of traditional farmers to a new management system that combines intensification, specialization, organization, and socialization is the only way for China to build a modern agricultural power.

"this requires us to constantly innovate the mode of agricultural operation and extend the agricultural industry chain. We will encourage innovative forms of land transfer, reasonably determine the scale of land management, and improve the socialized service system for agriculture. " Han Changfu said.

"in addition, it is necessary to organically combine the development of appropriate scale operation in various forms of agriculture with the extension of the agricultural industry chain. In the transformation and development of agriculture, it is an important direction to promote the industrialization of agriculture and promote the integrated development of agriculture and secondary and tertiary industries. " Huang Zuhui, dean of the China Rural Development Research Institute of Zhejiang University, pointed out: in this regard, the "opinion" clearly proposes to promote the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and to promote the value-added income of the industrial chain to remain in the producing areas and leave more to farmers.

Huang Zuhui analyzed and pointed out that the key to realizing the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is to choose correct transformation ways and supporting policies, so as to enable the broad masses of farmers to obtain due benefits in the agricultural transformation. the key point is to build a management mechanism suited to the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries and the interest mechanism of relevant subjects.

Huang Zuhui suggested that the shareholding system should be introduced on the basis of the agricultural cooperative system. For example, farmers can invest in shares, establish joint-stock cooperatives, enter the secondary and tertiary industries of agriculture in the form of joint-stock cooperative system, and directly obtain the benefits of operating the lower reaches of agriculture. Farmers can also lease or buy shares of the contracted land and set up joint-stock cooperative enterprises or agricultural companies with industrial and commercial enterprises that invest in agriculture, so as to obtain corresponding factor income. At the same time, industrial and commercial enterprises should be encouraged to enter appropriate areas in the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and establish a community of interests and a win-win mechanism with farmers.

Controlling "non-point Source pollution": returning to the track of Green and Sustainable Development

The first national pollution survey showed that in 2007, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions from agricultural sources reached 13.2 million tons, 2.7 million tons and 280000 tons respectively, accounting for 43.7%, 57.2% and 67.4% of the country's total emissions, respectively.

For agricultural non-point source pollution, at present, there is a saying that "agricultural non-point source pollution is the largest pollution source in China", and there is also a saying that "agricultural non-point source pollution accounts for more than half of the national pollution emissions". How should we treat this?

Han Changfu responded that the situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in some areas of China has shown a trend of improvement in recent years, but the overall problem is still quite prominent. In addition, a lot of agricultural non-point source pollution is reversible. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution and make great determination to solve it.

"in the face of the double 'tight spell' of resource conditions and ecological environment, only by better changing the mode of agricultural development and strengthening the control of agricultural non-point source pollution can we promote the sustainable development of agriculture." Wang Yanliang, director of the Agricultural Ecology and Resources Protection General Station of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out: it is necessary to strictly control the total amount of agricultural water consumption and vigorously develop water-saving agriculture; at the same time, through the implementation of zero growth in chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the total amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be gradually reduced. In addition, it is necessary to realize the basic resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and agricultural film, and finally suppress the deterioration of resources and environment, so that the overdrawn resources and environment can be recuperated, and promote agriculture to return to the track of green and sustainable development.