When will American ginseng, a perennial herb, be planted and harvested? How many years can you harvest? How to plant high yield?

American ginseng, also known as American ginseng, is a common Chinese herbal medicine in China. It is called southern ginseng because it looks like ginseng. At present, it is widely sold in the market, and the price is not very expensive. When will American ginseng be planted and harvested? How many years can you harvest? How to plant high yield?

Planting time of American ginseng:

Sowing is divided into spring and autumn. Autumn sowing in Shaanxi Province is good, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang. Pour through the bottom water before sowing, after the water seeps, loosen the soil, take strip sowing 6 cm * 6 cm, cover soil 3-5 cm after sowing, cover grass, fallen leaves, sawdust, plant ash, about 6 cm, in order to preserve moisture and seedling, in addition, it is better to use plastic film, which can not only preserve soil moisture but also prevent weed diseases. It is better to adopt strip sowing, flat ditch bottom, uniform seedling emergence and good management.

Potted Panax quinquefolium can be planted in early March or in the middle or late October, and the survival rate can be improved by growing with seedlings.

The seed collection time is generally from late August to early September, and can be harvested when the fruit of American ginseng is fully red and ripe. If the seed is harvested too early, the seed will not develop well; if the harvest is too late, the fruit will fall off easily and be damaged by rats. The harvested red fruit should be scrubbed and washed in time, bleached and shrunken, and can be buried when there is no water on the dry surface of the seed. If ten kinds are left, the dry water content of the seed can reach less than 15%.

Germination rate of ginseng seeds: the highest germination rate of American ginseng seeds is 80%-90%, and the emergence rate after sowing is only 60%-70%, which is not only affected by temperature and soil moisture conditions, but also due to the fact that the seeds themselves are not full and the seed embryos are not fully developed. related to germination, mildew during storage and so on. Seeds for accelerating germination must be selected, full, cracked and disease-free seeds should be selected as sowing materials, seed viability should be determined if necessary, and high-quality seeds should be used to improve the seedling emergence rate.

Harvest time:

American ginseng is generally harvested in 4 ~ 5 years, and it is also harvested for more years. The effective components of Panax quinquefolium are proportional to the number of years, and the higher the chemical composition, the better the clinical effect and the higher the economic benefit, but there are more diseases. The soil is very fertile, the field management is good, it is better to adopt live broadcast. Reduce the chance of infection, save manpower and material resources, transplant the small ones after 4 years, and harvest them 1 ~ 2 years after planting. The timely harvest season of American ginseng is autumn, the aboveground stem has withered, the nutrition of the root is improved, the quality is the best, the pulp is sufficient, the texture is solid, and the skin is yellowish. Remove the aboveground stem during harvest, and do not wound the ginseng root.

How many years can you harvest?

The cultivation time of American ginseng is generally 3 to 6 years. Generally speaking, the longer the cultivation time is, the bigger the ginseng body is. Of course, the size of ginseng is also related to the cultivation conditions, and there will be some differences among individuals, such as the size of radish in a field. The weight of the original branch or grain head of the 6-year root is generally more than 15 grams, and a small part of it will reach 30 grams. The larger the unit weight of ginseng, the higher the price. The secondary metabolites of Panax quinquefolium for less than 3 years are very few, there are almost no active components, have little medicinal value, and are generally not harvested. Therefore, the artificially planted American ginseng sold on the market is generally about 3-6 years old.

Planting techniques:

1. Seed treatment: the fresh fruit is collected when the ginseng fruit is red in August. Wash the flesh immediately and dry it a little. Soak the seeds with 1000 times 50% carbendazim for 10 ℃ for 20 minutes, fish out and dry, then soak in 50ppm's high-quality gibberellin for 24 hours, then fish out and rinse with clean water and then mix with sand (seed: sand = 1:3). After sand mixing, put it in a cool place until November, the temperature should be controlled below 25 ℃. The humidity should be 10% of water, 12% of moisture, too wet and easy to rot, so that it can be loosened as soon as it is loosened into a mass. The seed emergence is prosperous in that year, but the seed emergence is weak in the next year.

2. Sowing time: in late November, 70% of the 80% cracks can be treated by the above methods, and about 30% of the cracks without gibberellin treatment can be picked out and sown in batches until the end of December. The rest of the unexploded mouth was put under 0Mel 5 ℃, and it could still burst in February of the following year, and seedlings could also emerge after sowing. Those who burst later could not emerge or could not emerge completely because the low temperature treatment time was less than 70 days and the physiological ripening could not be completed.

3. Sowing method: sprinkle 3 centimeters of moist wind fossils on the leveled soil moisture border, sift them evenly and mix them with medicine to disinfect them. After leveling, sow seeds with a standard 5 × 6 cm row spacing punching plate (2 cm deep) to keep the depth standard consistent. After sowing, sprinkle and disinfect the wind fossils cover seeds, for leveling, cover the wind fossils with a plate to ensure that the sowing depth is 2 cm, and then cover the grass 10 to 15 cm thick. In order to preserve soil moisture and prevent frost, seedlings usually emerge around April 20.

Planting conditions:

American ginseng is suitable for the mountain broad-leaved forest zone with an altitude of about 1000 meters, with an annual rainfall of about 1000 mm, an average annual temperature of about 13 ℃, a frost-free period of 150 to 200 days, a mild climate and abundant rainfall. Like shade and humidity, avoid strong light and high temperature, the optimum temperature during the growing period is 1824 ℃, and the air relative humidity is about 80%. It is suitable for growing on forest sandy soil with loose soil, thick soil layer, fertile soil and rich humus. PH5.5~6.5, avoid continuous cropping.