When does the Solanaceae plant pepper grow seedlings? How to cultivate high yield?

Pepper, also known as long pepper, lantern pepper, horned pepper and vegetable pepper, is a common annual or limited perennial plant in China, which is planted in many areas of our country. In order to produce high yield of pepper, in addition to basic management techniques, it is also necessary to cultivate good seedlings to promote plant growth. When will pepper grow? How to cultivate high yield?

Seedling raising time of hot pepper:

The seedling raising time of pepper varies from region to region. Generally, the seedlings are sown in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from October to November, in North and Northeast China from February to April, and in South China from December to January of the following year. The seedling age of pepper is 90-100 days in the south and about 60 days in the north. Before planting, the criteria for strong seedlings are as follows: thick and short internodes of stems, thick and dark leaves, intact stems and leaves, developed lateral white roots, 9-14 true leaves, complete cotyledons and well-developed roots.

Seedling raising techniques:

1. Seed soaking and disinfection. Soak the seeds in warm water of 50-55 ℃, the amount of water is appropriate to immerse the seeds, keep stirring, stop stirring until the water temperature drops to about 30 ℃, soak the seeds for 8-12 hours and then remove them, then soak the seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate solution or 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 15-20 minutes, then rinse the seeds many times, rinse and germinate. It is generally carried out at a constant temperature of 28 to 30 ℃. The seeds should be turned frequently during the germination process, and the seeds should be washed once a day with water added with 0.02% boric acid. The seeds can be sown when the germination rate reaches 60%.

2. Prepare the seedbed. First, the nutritious soil was prepared, 6 parts of rotten organic fertilizer and 4 parts of topsoil with onion and garlic were mixed evenly and screened, and a small amount of carbendazim and chlorothalonil were added to control the disease. The nursery bed can be prepared in the sun bed or in the solar greenhouse. Every square meter of seedling bed can be applied 5 kg of mature organic fertilizer, 0.25 kg of diammonium, and then turn deeply, flat, to be sown.

3. Sow seeds. When sowing, first irrigate clear water up to 6 centimeters or so, sprinkle a very thin layer of mancozeb after water infiltration, sow evenly, generally sowing about 10 grams per square meter. After the seeds are sown, cover with a very thin layer of medicinal soil, and then cover with nutritious soil 0.8-1.0 cm thick.

4. Seedbed management. Before emergence, the temperature was kept at about 30 ℃ in daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night. After the seedlings are unearthed, the temperature should be lowered appropriately and the temperature difference between day and night should be increased to prevent the seedlings from overgrowing. When the seedlings grow to 2 true leaves, they can be divided into seedlings and transplanted. It is generally used to divide the seedlings according to the row spacing of 10 cm × 10 cm in the seedling border, or transplant a single plant into a nutrition bowl of 8 cm × 10 cm. During the seedling separation period, the temperature was controlled at 28: 30 ℃ in the daytime and 18: 20 ℃ at night. Shade should be used when the seedlings wilted around noon. 0.5 cm of soil should be covered at the same seedling, after the first true leaf appeared, after the slow seedling and at the 4-leaf stage, and nutritious soil was used. The sunshine time should be increased as much as possible at the seedling stage, which should reach more than 8 hours a day. The seedlings should be refined at low temperature 7-10 days before planting, which should be controlled at about 20 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night.