When will the "God of Fruit" grapes sprout and set their tips? How to deal with it?

When planting grapes, in order to achieve high yield, in addition to the basic management work, it is necessary to wipe buds and fixed shoots, because there are many varieties of grapes, and sprout and reduce nutrient consumption after germination to promote flower ear development. When will the grape be sprouted and fixed? How to deal with it?

When the sprouts of grapes have germinated but have not yet spread their leaves, the selection of sprouts is called sprouting. When the new shoots grow to 15-20 cm, when inflorescences can be distinguished, the selection of new shoots is called fixed shoots.

Wiping buds and fixing shoots is not only to further adjust the amount of winter pruning to a reasonable level, but also an important task to determine fruit quality and yield. Because the amount of grape pruning in winter is usually very large, it is easy to stimulate the bud sprouting on the branches, resulting in more new shoots, which are too dense so that the trees are poorly ventilated and transparent. At the same time, the nutrition of the tree is dispersed, which affects the growth of new shoots, resulting in low fruit setting rate and low fruit quality. By wiping buds and fixing shoots, the nutritional status and the growth direction of new shoots can be adjusted to make the nutrition more concentrated, so as to promote the growth of new shoots and inflorescence development. The experiment on sprouting of Jufeng grape shows that when the degree of sprouting is 50% in April, the growth length of new shoots in June is more than 80 cm, while in the treatment without sprouting, the growth length of new shoots is about 50 cm, indicating that sprouting during germination can significantly promote the growth of new shoots. In addition, by wiping buds and fixing shoots, the unnecessary shoots are reduced, the distribution of new shoots on the shelf surface is reasonable, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the trees are improved. So as to improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality.

First, wipe the bud

It is usually done in two stages. The first sprouting is carried out at the early stage of budding, which mainly removes the buds of the trunk, the base of the main vine, the buds that have decided not to leave shoots, as well as the secondary buds in the triple buds and twin buds. Pay attention to keeping strong and strong buds, and follow the principle of leaving more sparse places, less secret places, and no weak buds. The second sprouting was carried out about 10 days after the first sprouting. At this time, the uniformity of the bud can be seen clearly. The weak buds sprouting later, the pinched buds with no growth space, the thin buds near the base of the mother branches and the adventitious buds with inappropriate positions were erased according to the size of the space and the need for branches. After sprouting, the ventilation and light transmittance of the tree should be ensured.

Second, fix the tip

It can determine the branch layout, fruit-branch ratio and yield of the plant, and achieve a reasonable branch density on the shelf surface. The setting of the shoot usually begins about 20 days after the leaf exhibition. At this time, the new shoots grow to 10-20 cm, you can choose to leave stout new shoots with inflorescences, remove over-dense branches and weak branches, and pay attention to the growth of new shoots to be basically neat and consistent.

In addition to considering pruning factors, the number of retained branches should be determined according to the density of new shoots on the shelf surface. Generally speaking, a new tip is left on the mother vine every 10 to 15 centimeters. The scaffolding has 10 to 15 new tips per square meter. The surface of the hedge frame (V, Y shape) has 10 to 12 new tips per square meter. The ratio of overall fruiting branch to developing branch was 1:2. The varieties with high fruit setting rate and large ear generally leave 4 000 and 5 000 new shoots per 667 square meters. For Jufeng varieties, it is particularly important to stabilize the tree potential because of the serious drop of flowers and fruits. Generally, about 8000 new shoots are retained for every 667 square meters before flowering, and about 6000 new shoots are left for 667 square meters to be combined with fruit thinning after settling down. For the hedge, when the branches are tied in parallel, the distance between the branches on the single hedge is 6-10 cm and that on the double-hedge is 10-15 cm. In the management mode of sagging new shoots, the density of remaining branches can be increased appropriately.

Under the premise of the prescribed amount of tips, the choice of staying or leaving should be made according to the "five leaves" and "five not stay", that is, to stay early but not late (refers to leaving early germinating buds), stay fat but not thin (refers to leaving fat buds and stout new shoots), leave flowers without leaving empty (refers to leaving new shoots with inflorescence), stay without leaving (refers to leaving new shoots close to the base of mother branches), and stay smooth without clamping (refers to new shoots with room for growth).