"Wisdom fruit" when should the apple tree be watered? How much should I water? How do you water it?

When planting apples, if you want to have a high yield of apples, you need to master watering, because more water in apple trees affects the formation of flowers, trees return to prosperity, lack of water, fruit is small, fruit shape is easy to flatten, and coloring is poor, so skills are very important. when is the apple tree well watered? How much should I water? How do you water it?

Several main periods of water demand for apple trees

(1) budding stage: the soil water content should reach 70% of the field capacity.

(2) flowering stage: the soil water content should reach 60% of the field capacity.

(3) the critical period of flower bud differentiation: the soil water content should reach 50% of the field capacity. 60%.

(4) Fruit expansion period: the soil water content should reach 80% of the field capacity.

(5) maturity: the content of soil should reach 80% of the field capacity.

(6) dormant period: soil water content should reach more than 80% of field capacity.

I. budding stage

In spring, apple trees sprout and sprout and nurture buds, which need more water. At this time, spring drought often occurs, timely irrigation can promote spring growth, increase leaves, increase flowering potential energy, delay phenological phase in varying degrees, and reduce the harm of spring cold and late frost. It is generally appropriate to be in the middle and first ten days of March.

Before and after flowering

Excessive drought in the soil will lead to early flowering, concentrated arrival, weak flowering and low fruit setting rate. Proper irrigation before flowering stage can provide good soil moisture at flowering stage and increase fruit setting rate obviously. However, when the soil moisture is good before flowering, it should not be irrigated with flood, otherwise it will make the new shoots flourish and compete for nutrients, resulting in a decrease in fruit setting rate. Watering after flowering contributes to cell division, high stakes in fruit and promotion of shoot growth. It is generally suitable for mid-late April, except for special years.

(3) the period of vigorous growth of new shoots and expansion of young fruits

During the period of spring growing and young fruit cell division rapidly, the water demand is large, at the same time, the temperature is rising, the evaporation is large, the leaf quantity is increasing, and the water demand is increasing sharply. Be sure to maintain an adequate water supply, especially within a month after flowering, if there is a lack of water, it will lead to apple fruit small, deformed, fruit deviation and other symptoms. Therefore, if this period is particularly dry, create conditions to water once.

IV. Flower bud differentiation period

In this period, fruit trees need less water, and when there is more water, it affects the formation of flowers. If Rain Water is big, pay attention to drainage and root drying. If it is very dry, water only half of the whole tree or spray water on the tree.

5. Fruit expansion period

The rapid expansion period of fruit is the second critical period of water demand, with high temperature, thick leaf curtain, rapid expansion of fruit and high water demand. But at this time, most fruit areas, into the rainy season, generally do not need irrigation, and need to pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention. Of course, the details still need to be judged by the actual situation. In this period, the temperature is high, the leaf screen is thick, the fruit expands quickly and consumes a lot of water, so try to water once.

VI. Before fruit harvest

During this period, the temperature is getting lower and lower, the water consumption of fruit leaves is reduced, and the air has a certain degree of humidity, which is conducive to fruit coloring. However, excessive water affects fruit coloring, and when the water fluctuation is large, it is easy to cause fruit cracking, so in this period of drought, water can be sprayed on the tree sooner or later, do not pour water. When Rain Water is old, he must pay attention to drainage or root drying.

7. From fruit harvest to defoliation

This period is a critical period for the storage of nutrients, combined with fertilization and watering, which is conducive to the fullness of flower buds and should be watered as much as possible.

8. Dormant period of freezing and watering

It should be watered before freezing in autumn, with a large amount of water. The root system still has a period of growth before the aboveground part of the tree is dormant. This is that adequate watering can promote root growth, increase root absorption and increase tree storage of nutrients, which can not only meet the water needs of fruit trees during a long dormant period, but also prevent dry and frozen branches and tree freezing damage. This period requires the least water, but still needs a certain amount of water supply.

Irrigation amount of apple orchard

The most suitable amount of irrigation should be in the primary irrigation to make the soil moisture in the root distribution range to the most favorable degree for the growth and development of fruit trees. Only infiltrating the soil distributed by the surface or upper roots can not achieve the purpose of irrigation, and due to repeated supplementary irrigation, it is easy to cause soil consolidation and decrease of soil temperature. Therefore, it must be permeated at one time, and the deep soil needs to infiltrate more than 50-60 cm at a time.

The specific irrigation period and amount of irrigation should be flexibly controlled according to weather conditions and tree growth conditions. In most cases, it should be irrigated from pre-sprouting to flowering, shoot growth and young fruit expansion, fruit rapid expansion and flower bud differentiation, and from fruit harvest to dormancy. Different tree types should also be treated differently. Strong trees should ensure water supply, while growing trees should properly control water, especially long-term water control of new shoots is beneficial to controlling prosperity and promoting flowers. for young and prosperous trees, except for irrigation before sprouting and autumn, new shoots can not be irrigated as long as the leaves do not wither during the prosperous period. In addition, the amount of irrigation should also be combined with soil management, and covering the orchard can appropriately reduce the amount of irrigation.

Watering method

First, flood irrigation: the whole garden is soaked in water. This method is a lazy way to build beds without garden. it not only wastes water, but also destroys the soil structure, and it is best not to use it.

Second, border irrigation or tree plate irrigation: close planting apple orchards often build border fields along the trees, and water them one by one like vegetables. In sparse planting gardens, trees are often used as units to build tree plates, and another ditch is set up, and water is introduced into the tree plate through ditches when watering. It not only saves water, but also is easy to manage.

Third, furrow irrigation: leave a ditch with a depth of 20-30 cm and a width of 40 cm at a certain distance between the rows of apple trees, and the distance between the ditch and the ditch is about 1 meter. During watering, water is introduced into the ditch to wet the root distribution layer by infiltration. This not only does not destroy the soil structure, but also saves water, so it is an ideal irrigation method.

Fourth, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation: install sprinkler and drip irrigation equipment in the orchard, transport water through underground pipes, use sprinklers to spray water (like rain) or drip heads to wet the soil. This not only saves water, but also does not destroy the soil structure, but also can improve the orchard microclimate, is the first way. But only with a high cost and a strong economic force can it be done.