Agricultural production should be fully recycled.

At present, China's agriculture is facing an important barrier to adjust the industrial structure. How to optimize the structure of planting and breeding and grain feeding? How to coordinate cultivated land use and protection? The reporter interviewed Wang Yingchun, an expert from the Institute of Agricultural regionalization of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Reporter: how to link up the planting industry and aquaculture industry organically?

Wang Yingchun: the structural allocation of the planting and breeding industry is the basic framework of the agricultural industrial structure, and optimizing the structure of the planting and breeding industry is an important task to change the mode of agricultural development. At present, the proportion of diversified agriculture with agriculture and animal husbandry as the main body in China is unreasonable, and the proportion of the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing is about 13, 1, 8 and 2, while the structure of agriculture and animal husbandry in the United States is roughly balanced, and the ratio of planting to animal husbandry is about 1:1. Due to the imbalance of planting and breeding industry in China for a long time, the utilization of resources has not formed a chain, with the continuous increase of the output of agricultural products, agricultural waste has increased sharply. Livestock and poultry manure from large-scale farms in the south can not be absorbed on the spot, resulting in non-point source pollution; after corn harvest in Northeast China, straw can not be fully utilized as resources, and burning causes disasters.

It can be said that the faster the development of isolated industries, the greater the potential threat to the ecological environment. Once there is a problem in a certain link of an industry, the regional environment will be affected. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of balance between developing production and protecting ecology from the source, and to develop agricultural production under the guidance of ecological construction, it is necessary to apply the thinking mode of "temporary cure first" of traditional Chinese medicine, and popularize the circular agricultural model of planting and aquaculture industry. build a circular agricultural system, turn wastes into resources, make resources produce benefits, alleviate the pressure on resources, ecology and environment, and improve agricultural income.

There are typical models of cultivation and recycling agriculture in some areas of China, such as "pig biogas fruit" and "symbiosis of rice and fish", which make full use of agricultural natural resources and biological resources, improve resource utilization and production efficiency, and control waste discharge. Therefore, all localities should be based on the characteristics of resources and environment, industrial foundation and breeding habits, take the conservation of resource utilization, the cleanliness of production process and the utilization of waste as the main line, and make full use of the characteristics of agricultural biology. scientific layout of planting crops and livestock breeds, and construction of inter-industry circular chain and different levels of ecological circular agricultural system.

Reporter: how to effectively combine cultivated land use and cultivated land protection?

Wang Yingchun: crop rotation is the basic means to maintain new soil fertility, and it is also the quintessence of China's traditional agricultural planting mode for thousands of years. Reasonable rotation system, fallow and intercropping, mixed and intercropping multiple cropping patterns can realize the combination of land use and land cultivation. "storing grain in the soil" can also be realized.

However, with the rapid development of agriculture, the improvement of agricultural technology and the drive of economic benefits, the regional single planting structure is becoming more and more common, and the continuous cropping area is expanding. For example, in recent years, a large area of corn has been planted in Northeast China, and the original dominant crop soybean planting area has been shrinking, breaking the original balance of corn-soybean rotation. In 2013, the planting area of corn in the three northeastern provinces has exceeded 160 million mu, which is 3.6 times that of soybean. While a large amount of corn is transported from the black soil, the effect of soybean nitrogen fixation on soil fertilization is ignored, resulting in the degradation of black soil, such as the decline of soil organic matter, which has to pay a huge ecological price. At the same time, the product brought by single planting is single, which not only increases the inventory pressure of single variety, but also increases the market risk.

The planting mode of soil fertility restoration should proceed from the long term to ensure the quantity, quality and ecological security of cultivated land resources. Therefore, we should focus on popularizing corn / soybean rotation in Northeast China, corn / peanut intercropping in Huang-Huai-Hai region, double-cropping rice-green manure or rice-rape planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, corn / soybean intercropping in Southwest China, and corn / potato rotation in Northwest China.

Reporter: how to balance the structure of rations and feed grains?

Wang Yingchun: in recent years, animal husbandry has developed rapidly, among which herbivorous animal husbandry has increased most significantly. From 1990 to 2013, pork production grew at an average annual rate of 4.0%, beef and mutton production increased at an average annual rate of 8.0% and 6.2%, and the proportion of beef and mutton in meat production increased from 8.1% to 12.7%. At present, the import of corn and soybean meal in China is increasing sharply, the gap between supply and demand of feed grain is expanding, and the threat of insufficient supply of feed grain to national food security is increasing. If we do not timely adjust the internal structure of agriculture and speed up the development of herbivorous animal husbandry, there will be a situation of livestock and poultry competing with people for food.

Forage is the basis for the development of herbivorous animal husbandry, and the coordinated development of "grain, economy, grass and livestock" should be taken as the main line to adjust the variety structure and layout changes within planting production and animal husbandry, so as to form an agricultural structure that takes care of both grain and forage. Replacing part of feed grains with high-quality forage grass will not only help to ensure human food demand, but also promote the development of grass industry, enhance the production capacity of dairy cows, beef cattle and sheep, increase the supply of herbivorous livestock products and ensure the quality and safety of herbivorous livestock products.