Can grapes be planted in pots? How does it basin, change soil and fertilize? What are the specific methods?

Grape is a very popular fruit. Now many people like to grow fruit at home. Today, the editor would like to introduce to you that grapes can be planted in pots. How does it basin, change soil and fertilize? What are the specific methods?

Grapes can be planted in pots. The specific methods are as follows:

I. preparation of potted soil

1. Container selection: available containers are tile pots, pottery pots, purple sand pots, wooden pots, plastic flowerpots, etc., which can be selected according to the conditions. Potted grapes can be grown in containers with a diameter of 20-25cm in the first year and 30-40cm in 2-3 years. It can be determined according to production capacity and site space.

two。 Basin soil requirements: loose, fertile loam rich in organic matter and calcium. Local materials can also be used according to the specific conditions of various places, and culture materials with a wide range of sources, low cost, no diseases and insects and no pollution can be selected. The commonly used materials are rotten leaf soil, peat soil, pastoral soil, sand and gravel, bone meal, expanded chicken manure and so on.

3. Pot soil preparation: the commonly used formulations are 4 parts of ① rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of coarse sand and 0.5 parts of bone powder. 7 samples of ② pastoral soil, 2 samples of coarse sand (or slag), 1 part of expanded chicken manure and 0.5 part of bone meal.

4. Pot soil disinfection: after the basin soil is prepared and mixed well, spray it evenly with 0.1% formalin solution (500 ml per cubic meter of basin soil). Then seal it with plastic film, fumigate for one day and night, remove the film, air for 3-4 days, and then put it into a basin.

2. Upper basin and soil exchange

After the flowerpot is selected, it is best to soak it in 1% bleach water for 5 minutes, take it out and dry it, and then load it into the sterilized culture soil. Seedlings used in potted grapes can be cut directly in flowerpots and cultivated into seedlings. When cutting, it is best to insert 2 cuttings in each pot for selection and retention, and often keep the soil in the basin moist. Grape plants of 1-3 years old can also be transplanted with soil masses before sprouting. When transplanting, it is necessary to re-cut the branches of the plant, generally leaving 1-3 strong branches. Transplanting that year, the focus is to restore the tree potential, cultivate the tree shape, lay a good foundation, do not bear fruit first. After the plants grew in the basin for 1-2 years, the original container space could not meet the requirements of root growth and development, and the nutrients of the basin soil gradually decreased. Therefore, the container needs to be changed from small to large or the basin soil needs to be replaced. This work is generally carried out before the dormancy period is about to end and before the growth begins. When changing the basin or soil, part of the withered roots should be cut off and watered immediately after the change, so as to facilitate the restoration of plant growth.

Third, shaping and pruning

1. Single rod shape: suitable for small and medium-sized potted plants, planted in the middle of the pot to stand a bamboo pole or No. 8 iron wire, about 1m high. After the new shoots germinated, a strong shoot was selected as the main vine, which was tied to the bamboo pole, and when it reached 80-90cm, it was coring. After that, the secondary shoots were repeatedly coring with 1-2 leaves except the top one. The branches that mature well during winter pruning can be cut to retain 50cm. After germination in the second year, leave 3-5 robust shoots on the main vine, and the rest of the buds should be erased in time. During winter pruning, each new shoot leaves 2-3 buds to be pruned as fruiting mother branches. After sprouting in the third year, 1-2 new shoots were left on each fruiting mother branch, and then cut every year.

two。 Fan shape: in the winter of the same year, the cutting of new shoots above 60cm was reserved as the trunk, a new shoot was tilted and tied every 10-15cm in the next year, the fruiting mother branches with 1-3 buds were cut short in winter, and 1-2 fruiting branches were left on each fruiting mother branch in the third year. The new shoots and ears were evenly distributed in one plane, and the flowerpots and sectors were enlarged with the increase of the tree.

IV. Fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilization: the principle of fertilization for potted grapes is to apply less frequently. Potted seedlings that have not yet borne fruit generally start from the seedling height of about 20cm (that is, 6-7 leaves) and apply cake fertilizer and water once every 7-10 days until the end of September. For the fruitful potted grapes, in order to meet the requirements of fruit development, it is best to apply them every 5 days, and then apply them according to potted seedlings after fruit harvest, and pay attention to watering immediately after each application of liquid fertilizer. Potted grapes can also be foliar sprayed by spraying 0.1% Mel 0.3% urea solution 2-3 times in the early stage of potted grape growth, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3-4 times every 7-10 days starting from the fruit expansion period.

two。 Watering: when watering, the water temperature had better be close to the basin soil temperature, and it is appropriate to water before 10:00 and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the water quality should be good, and the watering times should be determined according to the season. the temperature in early spring is low and can be watered every 2-3 days. with the increase of air temperature and evaporation, it can be watered once in 1-2 days, and the watering times will gradually decrease after the temperature decreases gradually in autumn, and the basin soil should be moist.

3. Overwintering management: overwintering management is mainly to prevent potted grapes from freezing and drying, and protective measures can be selected according to local conditions. after winter pruning, potted grapes are removed, watered, ditched or buried with a depth of 30-50cm from the ground, and can also be placed in the corridor or on the balcony to cover the winter. No matter where you put it, you should pay attention to check the basin soil and keep it wet. the temperature should be 0-5 ℃.