How to apply fertilizer for raising rice seedlings of food crops? What time is it exactly? What are the cultivation techniques of saving fertilizer, water and medicine?

According to the type of rice, rice can be divided into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice. It is an annual Gramineae plant. So how to fertilize rice seedlings? What time is it exactly? What are the cultivation techniques of saving fertilizer, water and medicine?

How to fertilize rice seedlings?

Before planting rice, the soil of the rice field must be turned over and softened. This process can be divided into three periods: rough ploughing, fine ploughing and leveling. In the past, animal power and ploughing tools, mainly buffalo, were used to prepare the land, but now more machines are used to prepare the land.

1. Raising seedlings:

Farmers first cultivate seedlings in a certain field, which is often called a rice field. After sowing rice seeds, farmers mostly sprinkle a layer of rice husk ash on the soil. In modern times, special seedling centers use seedling boxes to make rice seedlings grow. Good rice seedlings are the key to successful rice cultivation. When the seedlings grow about eight centimeters high, they can be planted.

2. Transplanting rice seedlings

Carefully insert the seedlings into the rice fields in an orderly manner. The traditional method of transplanting rice seedlings uses ropes, markers or transplanters to mark the rice fields. When transplanting rice seedlings by hand, a seedling splitter is worn on the thumb of the left hand to help farmers separate the seedlings and insert them into the soil. The climate of transplanting rice seedlings is very important, such as heavy rain will damage the seedlings. In modern times, there are many transplanters to transplant rice seedlings, but in the rice fields where the land is undulating and the shape is not square, manual transplanting is still needed. The seedlings generally run north-south. There is also a more convenient way to throw seedlings.

3. Weeding and pest control:

When the seedlings grow, they have to be taken care of at all times, and weeds are pulled out, and sometimes pesticides are needed to get rid of pests (such as Oncomelania hupensis).

4. Fertilization:

When the seedlings are high and grow the first rice stem, it is called the dividing stage, during which fertilizer is often needed to make the rice seedlings grow healthily and promote the fullness and quantity of spike rice in the future.

5. Irrigation and drainage:

Rice depends more on this procedure. If upland rice is a dry field, the process of irrigation and drainage is different, but it is generally necessary to strengthen water irrigation after transplanting, when young ears are formed, and at heading and flowering stage.

When exactly is rice fertilized?

1. In general, the growth process of Honda ammonium rice can be divided into three stages: the first, the middle and the latter. The early stage refers to the vegetative growth stage from transplanting to division, that is, the vegetative growth stage of rice, with the goal of promoting effective millet division and striving for more panicles. The middle stage means that the growth of rice has entered the reproductive growth stage (pollen formation stage). At this time, the goal is to have strong stalks and attack large panicles, but fertilization should not be too much. The late stage refers to the period from heading to maturity of rice, which is dominated by many grains and full grains, which should not be fattened, but also should not be green and mature late.

2. The fertilization methods of the above three periods of rice actually refer to the principles, theories and objectives of fertilization, which should be determined according to the specific conditions in real practice, that is, the amount of fertilizer application should be determined according to different soils and different rice varieties, that is, to adjust measures to local conditions and grasp them flexibly. Specifically, it depends on whether the soil is fat or thin, and whether the soil texture is sand or bodied. If the soil is fertile and sandy, the amount of fertilizer should be reduced, the soil quality is erect and thin, and the amount of fertilizer should be increased, which is called soil fertilization. In addition, we should also pay attention to seedling fertilization, seedling strong less application, seedling thin more application, this is the following fertilizer amount, why there should be a range of reasons.

What are the cultivation techniques of rice fertilizer-saving, water-saving and medicine-saving?

1. Select improved varieties

Quarantined seeds are selected to prevent disease from spreading through the seeds. The selected varieties should meet the following conditions: ① is approved by relevant institutions; ② is suitable for climate and soil conditions in Dali City; ③ has good quality and high yield, good disease resistance and strong stress resistance. At present, the varieties suitable for planting in our city are Yunmian 37, Dianyou 35, Hesi 22-2, Fengdao 25, 26, 29, 30 and so on.

Through the selection of new varieties, we can achieve the goal of high quality and high yield, reduce the amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, reduce production costs, and control agricultural non-point source pollution.

2. Sowing seeds sparsely and cultivating dry seedlings with tillers.

Dali City seedling raising festival in mid-late March, the best sowing rate of 50 kg per mu, soaking seeds with Shibaoke (2000-3000 solution) for 72 hours, uniform and sparse sowing. The best seedling age is 45-50 days. Through the implementation of this technology, we can achieve the goal of fertilizer-saving and water-saving cultivation and control agricultural non-point source pollution.

3. Adopt the technology of soil testing and formula fertilization to promote the action of reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Apply 400,600kg of refined organic fertilizer or 1500 kg of farm manure per mu as base fertilizer. 60% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as basal tiller fertilizer and 20% as flower-promoting fertilizer. When the fourth leaf is inverted, 20% is used as flower protection fertilizer. It is applied in the second leaf. All phosphate fertilizer was used as base fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as flower-promoting fertilizer, which was applied 50-55 days after transplanting.

Through the implementation of precision fertilization and the use of slow and controlled release fertilizer instead of part of quick-acting chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer, we can meet the nutrient demand of rice in each growth period, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, maximize the benefit of fertilizer and reduce the occurrence of disease. achieve the goal of saving fertilizer, saving medicine and controlling pollution.

4. scientific water-saving irrigation to regulate the growth and development of rice and achieve high quality and high yield.

Watering enough seedling bed moisture at seedling stage to ensure seedling emergence rate, controlling water to squat seedlings at seedling stage, promoting tillering, cultivating dry seedlings with tillers, and laying the foundation for sparse planting and shallow planting.

Shallow water irrigation at tillering stage in the field, combined with light drying, can promote tillering, promote the robust growth of rice, improve disease resistance, and provide enough tillers in time to create a high yield population.

Shallow water irrigation at booting stage promoted the differentiation of young panicles and formed large panicles, and high yield was obtained by increasing the number of filled grains per panicle.

Wet irrigation during filling period, dry and wet alternately, improve root activity, prevent premature senescence, prevent lodging, promote grain fullness, form large grains, improve head rice rate, improve rice quality, and promote agricultural supply-side structural reform.

Through the application of water-saving irrigation technology, we can promote the cycle of soil redox process, promote the transformation and utilization of soil nutrients, reduce the loss of chemical fertilizer, accumulate chemical fertilizer in soil, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, and maintain soil ecological balance. we will promote the high quality and high yield of rice and further promote the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution.

5. adopt green prevention and control technology to control diseases, insect pests and weeds.

Carry out the policy of "prevention first and comprehensive control", adopt the principle of healthy cultivation and giving priority to agronomic measures. Strengthen the monitoring of diseases, pests and weeds in the field, timely prevention and control, strictly in accordance with the requirements of green prevention and control technology, adopt chemical control, reduce the amount of pesticides to a minimum, control agricultural non-point source pollution, and really protect the agricultural ecological environment. Let the countryside become a beautiful home to live and work in peace and contentment.