What is japonica rice? What's the difference between indica and indica rice? Which regional species are suitable for? How do you plant it?

Japonica rice is a variety of rice, which is deeply loved by people because of its large grain size, high rice yield and not easily broken during processing. at present, it is planted in Northeast China and the Yellow River Basin, as well as in the south, but it rarely survives because of temperature restrictions. What is japonica rice? What's the difference between indica and indica rice? Which regional species are suitable for? How do you plant it?

The rice crushed by japonica rice is called "japonica rice". In some places, "japonica rice" is called "rice". In fact, japonica rice is only a variety of rice (rice).

The difference between indica rice and indica rice

1. Different latitudes suitable for planting.

Indica rice is suitable for planting in humid and hot areas at low latitude and low altitude, and its grain is easy to fall off, and it is more resistant to moisture, heat and strong light, but not cold, while japonica rice is more suitable for planting at high altitude at high latitude or low latitude. Japonica rice is more resistant to cold and weak light, but not resistant to high temperature, so japonica rice varieties are generally used in the later season of double cropping rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and north of the Yellow River.

2. The nature and grain shape of rice are different.

Generally, the stickiness of indica rice is poor, and the grain shape is long and narrow, while that of japonica rice is short and round.

3. Plant type and leaf color are different.

Japonica rice has shorter stems, narrower leaves, erect tillers, dark glabrous leaves, harder texture, shorter leaves and smaller angle between stems, longer inflorescence main axis, more spikelets, dense spikelets, longer and denser Lemma hairs. The indica rice plant is about 100 cm tall, the leaf color is light green, the sword leaf is long and wide, the plant type is loose and moderate, the grain is narrow and long, the glume tip is colorless and short awn.

Areas suitable for planting:

Japonica rice is more suitable for high latitude or low latitude high altitude planting, grain is not easy to fall off, cold tolerance, weak light tolerance, but not resistant to high temperature, so the late season of double cropping rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the north of the Yellow River generally use japonica rice varieties. In addition, in the total production of japonica rice in China, japonica rice in the three northeastern provinces and Jiangsu plays an important role.

Planting techniques:

1. Soaking seeds to accelerate germination

Before soaking the seeds, choose sunny weather to dry the seeds for 1-2 days. It is necessary to accurately grasp the amount of medicine, the amount of water, the amount of seeds and the time of soaking seeds to soak seeds to prevent evil seedling disease. Pay attention to moisturizing and breathable before seed whitening, generally should not drench water. After whitening, the proper temperature is to promote the root, moisturizing and budding.

2. Sowing seeds at the right time to cultivate strong seedlings

The direct seeding field of single cropping rice should be sowed in the first ten days of June, with the amount of 37.5~45.0kg/hm2 and short buds, and the amount of seeds should not be too large. Mechanical transplanting rice should be sown and raised seedlings on May 25th, and transplant in the middle of June, the seedling age should be controlled at 15-20 days, and the sowing rate should be 80~1OOg/ plate and 450plate / hm2. The suitable transplanting time is 3.0leaf age, the specification of machine planting is 30cm × 16cm, 2 copies per hole, and the effective panicle is controlled at 3.15 million / hm2.

3. Suitable nitrogen and potassium, rational fertilization

Jia 58 is suitable to apply nitrogen fertilizer into urea 450~525kg/hm2 and potash fertilizer 187.5kg/hm2. The ratio of base, seedling, strong stalk and panicle fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer is 30: 30: 20: 20. Should be careful to apply strong stalk fertilizer, appropriate period, appropriate amount of panicle fertilizer. When producing high quality rice, Jia 58 should advocate medium fertilizer cultivation, fully improve maturity and rice yield, and appropriately reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

4. Water management

Water management should be based on the principle of shallow water irrigation in the early stage, promoting low millet tillering and restraining high tillers; in the middle stage, water management should be full of water booting, flowering with living water, wet grouting, frequent irrigation of horse water in the later stage, and do not cut off the water too early. When the number of seedlings in the field reaches 285 ~ 3 million seedlings / hm2, the field should be laid off several times in time to control the invalid tiller. From the young panicle differentiation period to the early filling stage, shallow irrigation, frequent irrigation, dry and wet alternation, except for the 5cm water layer during disease prevention and pest control, generally keep the thin water layer irrigation, and wait for it to dry and then water again after a discharge. Dry-wet alternation in the middle and later stage of grain filling, and strict prevention of water cut off too early in the later stage, in order to improve the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, so as to achieve the goal of high quality and high yield.

5. Pest control

According to the situation and prediction of seedlings, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of rice leaf roller, stripe blight, gray planthopper, brown planthopper and rice false smut should be done according to the information of diseases and insect pests of plant protection department. Jia 58 has strong tillers, so it is necessary to select "full panicle" in the early stage and "love seedlings" in the later stage to strengthen the control of sheath blight. As Jia 58 is susceptible to brown planthopper, attention should be paid to the harm of brown planthopper during milking stage to ensure high yield and harvest.

6. Timely harvest

Harvest in time when the field maturity reaches 90% to 95%. Drying the grain evenly and turning frequently, the thickness of the grain should be about 13kg/m2, and the rice should contain about 14% moisture. So as not to dry rice moisture too fast, increase the number of cracked rice and reduce the processing quality of Jia58 rice.