How is the garlic with a special purpose grown? Why does garlic have such an abnormal situation?

I believe everyone has seen it, and it is still a kind of garlic which is relatively common and has special uses. The so-called single garlic, that is, the bulb is not divided into garlic cloves, there is only a spherical garlic clove. This kind of single-headed garlic can not produce multi-valve garlic bulbs because of insufficient nutrition, dysplasia, its pungent and spicy taste is unique, has a certain medicinal value, and its anti-cancer and germicidal effect is higher than that of ordinary split garlic. Let's take a look at the details: how is garlic grown? Why does garlic have such an abnormal situation?

Although single-headed garlic has its special medicinal value, but because it is smaller than multi-clove garlic, it will seriously affect the yield of garlic, and the economic benefits of planting garlic will be greatly reduced. Therefore, in the process of planting garlic, people will try their best to take measures to prevent the occurrence of one-headed garlic.

Like single-headed garlic, the economic benefits of garlic are also affected by compound garlic and loose garlic, which not only affect the yield, but also affect the quality of garlic. The so-called compound garlic means that after the lateral buds of the bulb form cloves, they sprout again and form secondary cloves. This secondary garlic clove is very small and divides the entire bulb into several garlic heads. Although the number of garlic cloves and bolts is much more than normal, but they are very small, so the commodity value is not great. On the other hand, loose-clove garlic is the garlic cloves formed by bulbs that germinate to form new leaves before harvest, so that the whole bulb produces many small leaves, so that the garlic cloves no longer hypertrophy.

Garlic is grown in the same way. why does garlic have these abnormal conditions?

The reason for the emergence of single-headed garlic: first, it is produced by secondary bulbs. Because the secondary bulb is small, it is easy to form single garlic; second, when planting garlic, too small cloves are used, so that at the beginning of bulb formation, the growth is small; third, in the process of seedling growth, lack of fertilizer and water, or suffer from diseases and insect pests, resulting in small growth at the beginning of bulb formation.

The reason for the emergence of compound garlic: the occurrence of compound garlic is rare, mainly due to improper sowing. If you artificially sow with low temperature before sowing in autumn, the phenomenon of compound garlic will appear after overwintering.

The reasons for the emergence of loose clove garlic: first, sowing too early in autumn, or too much fertilizer and water at the initial stage of bulb formation in spring; second, harvesting too late, so that the stem disk of the bulb rotted in the soil before harvest, resulting in garlic cloves scattered with each other and become loose garlic.

The ways to prevent these phenomena are: first, to select larger cloves for seed retention; second, to sow seeds in time in autumn to prevent early sowing; third, to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water during the growth of garlic leaves, so that there are larger individuals when the bulbs begin to form, and after the bulbs begin to expand, it is necessary to control the amount of fertilizer and water to prevent the young buds of garlic cloves from turning green and re-growing leaves; fourth, timely harvest to avoid harvest too late. Fifth, strengthen the management in the process of storage to prevent loose valves.

As for seed selection, how to choose is a good variety, mainly before garlic harvest, select some plants with early maturity, good growth and high yield, after harvest, carry out single ball seed selection to eliminate those poor quality, too weak petals. Garlic cloves with no diseases and insect pests, no robotic trauma, thick flesh and round cloves should be selected as far as possible.

As for sowing, it is necessary to achieve reasonable close planting, to open small ditches and shallow ditches for planting. First, open a shallow ditch from one end of the plot, arrange the garlic cloves on one side of the ditch in turn, apply basic fertilizer in the ditch after planting, then open the second ditch according to the row spacing, cover the first ditch with the soil of the second ditch, and then proceed in turn. However, different kinds of garlic have different requirements, and how much density is reasonable depends on the characteristics of garlic varieties, soil fertility, fertilization level, cultivation purpose and other factors.

First, the causes of single-headed garlic

1. First of all, the garlic varieties suitable for planting in this area should be selected when planting garlic improperly. Garlic should have large head and fat cloves, and each clove has obvious split, 4-8 cloves constitute a head of garlic. If the garlic with small head and thin cloves is selected, the seedling growth is weak and the ability of absorbing fertilizer is poor after sowing, which seriously affects the separation of scales and is easy to form single garlic. According to a survey in 1999, the exclusive rate of spring sowing small clove garlic was 50%-60%, while that of large clove garlic was only 5%-8%.

two。 The soil is barren or the land where garlic has been planted in continuous stubble is affected by the lack of soil quality and fertilizer, so that the seedlings are weak and the scale disk development is poor. According to the survey, spring garlic 667m2 applied basal fertilizer chicken manure 1000kg, urea 10kg was applied after turning green and bolting, the head rate was only 5%-10%, and the rate of no fertilizer was 50%-60%.

3. Improper sowing date of garlic cloves is formed by the development of lateral buds in the axils of leaves on the scale disk, and is affected by temperature, light and nutrients, so early or too late sowing date will affect the growth and development of garlic. If it is better to plant not more than nine years ago in spring, the rate of garlic will be high if it is too late. Practice shows that the planting rate of spring garlic is 10%-15% 5-7 days before the vernal equinox, while that of the Spring Equinox is 20%-30% 5-7 days after the spring equinox.

4. When planting garlic with too much density, farmers always want to plant garlic closely, save some land, or think that increasing density can produce high yield, but the density greatly destroys the area that should be occupied by individuals, and there is a phenomenon that garlic plants compete for nutrients per unit area. resulting in the lack of fertilizer and space constraints and the formation of single garlic. 667m2 species 35-40 000 plants, the single-head rate is 30%-40%, while planting 25-30 000 plants, the single-head rate is only 8%-10%.

5. Garlic with poor management has strong adaptability, but it is very sensitive to environmental conditions, nutrients and water in the process of growth. in the process of management, it is often due to poor individual growth caused by fertilizer, water, diseases, pests and grass damage that the scale disk is not easy to bud or the individual can not be expanded to form a single head.

II. Prevention and control of garlic

1. Choosing high-quality garlic as a farmer proverb says, "good planting produces good seedlings, good seedlings have high yield." Therefore, when planting garlic, we should first determine the purpose of production. If the main purpose of planting garlic is to produce garlic, we should choose white garlic with large head, obvious split and fat cloves as the seed. For example, in order to produce garlic bolts, purple garlic with good garlic head and fat peel should be chosen as seed, so planting garlic should not be used indiscriminately.

two。 It is not suitable to choose continuous cropping land for cultivating garlic. Garlic field needs deep ploughing and loosening soil, and organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied. 667m2 should apply 1500~2000kg farm manure as base fertilizer, and increase phosphorus fertilizer 30~50kg and potassium fertilizer 15~20kg.

3. The suitable temperature for bulb expansion of garlic in strict sowing date is 20: 25 ℃, and the garlic enters dormancy when it is higher than 26 ℃. Although the new leaves can continue to differentiate when the sunshine time is less than 13 hours, they can not form lateral buds on the scale disk, so the planting date of garlic must be strict because of the ground and seed. In production, farmers often say, "the Mid-Autumn Festival is not at home and the Dragon Boat Festival is not on the ground." the saying of growing spring garlic is that "if spring garlic does not come out of nine, there will be nine long heads." It is clearly pointed out that autumn garlic should be sown in Cold Dew at the autumnal equinox, and spring garlic should begin to thaw in the depths of soil 5cm, that is, before the middle of March.

4. Reasonable close planting is beneficial to the overall and individual growth of garlic. In general, the density of white garlic is arranged as 16cm × 10cm, and the total yield is more than 25% higher than that of the control. The row spacing of red garlic was 10cm × 8cm.

5. The whole growth cycle of garlic can be divided into germination stage, seedling stage, scale bud differentiation stage, scale bud expansion stage and dormancy stage. We should pay close attention to each growing period, but the scale bud expansion period is the focus of management, and it is necessary to strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water. 667m2 topdressing urea 10~15kg, watering one water every 3-5 days to keep the surface dry. In this period, we can also spray 600x potassium dihydrogen phosphate to supplement phosphate and potassium fertilizer. Sowing garlic in autumn also needs to do a good job in the management after autumn, covering firewood and grass before winter, uncovering the mulch in time when spring is warm, and watering green water. In the middle of March, mid-ploughing should be strengthened to preserve soil moisture and increase soil temperature, and 1000 times dimethoate should be sprayed to control ground maggots.