Planting experience; what are the out-of-season broad bean planting techniques and pest control techniques?

Broad bean is also known as Luohan bean, Hu bean, orchid bean, south bean, vertical bean, Buddha bean, legume, wild pea genus. Herbs annual, 30-100 (120) cm tall. So what are the out-of-season broad bean planting techniques and pest control techniques? Let's learn about it together.

What are the out-of-season broad bean planting techniques?

I. location selection

The suitable planting area is selected in the planting area of 2000 meters above sea level in Midu, which can grow in four seasons, but the spring broad bean sows prematurely, the disease is serious, blossoms and pods are in the period of heavy frost, and it is vulnerable to frost. Anti-season broad bean can not be planted in the dam area, but should be planted in cool mountain areas. It generally grows and fruits well on the Shanqing slope with an elevation of 2200 mi 2500 meters.

Second, suitable for high-quality products

Fengdou No. 6, selected by Dali Agricultural Research Institute, is Fengdou No. 1 X82mur2, which has compact plant type, strong disease resistance and good adaptability.

Third, sowing date

Anti-season broad bean was sown on June 15-25, sowed on June 19, flowered on August 13, sowed to flowering for 55 days, picked green broad bean on September 25, and the growth period was 98 days.

Fourth, sowing specifications

Choose red soil, medium fertility and former corn. The distance between rows and plants is 24.5 cm to 10.5 cm, and there are 25000 basic seedlings per mu.

5. Fertilizer application

The fertilizer was concentrated once as base fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer N, P and K were 40 kg per mu. "Sihaifeng" foliar fertilizer was sprayed once at seedling stage and flowering stage respectively, with a dosage of 300 grams per mu, 250 times of water and 300 times of water, and 1 500 organic potassium fertilizer was sprayed at early flowering stage and early pod stage respectively.

VI. Strengthen management

There is no irrigation condition in the mountain area, relying on natural precipitation, diseases and insect pests focus on the control of Liriomyza huidobrensis, rust, red spot, aphids and straw rodents. Spraying mancozeb and carbendazim at seedling stage, spraying carbendazim twice at budding and flowering stage, trimethoprim twice, and preventing aphids at early pod stage.

What are the prevention and control techniques of diseases and insect pests in broad bean?

1. Broad bean blight

Harm characteristics: broad bean can occur in all growth stages, but the disease is more serious in the tender pod stage, mainly infecting the stem base or underground part of broad bean, but also infecting the seeds. The stem base infection often appears black lesions on one side of the stem or ring stem, causing the stem to turn black.

Prevention and treatment methods: at the initial stage of the disease, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder solution, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder solution, or 21% carbendazim wettable powder solution, or 20% methyl rifampicin EC 1100-1200 solution, etc.

2. Red spot of broad bean

Harm characteristics: red dots first appeared on the leaves, which gradually expanded into round or oval disease spots, and in severe cases, all parts became black and withered, and there were black sclerotia on the inner wall of the stem.

Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, Bordeaux solution of 1 ∶ 2 ∶ was sprayed. After that, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times once every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row, initially spraying Bordeaux solution is better than spraying carbendazim.

3. Broad bean rust

Damage characteristics: rust spots appeared on the leaves until the leaves dried up, and when serious, all the plants withered.

Control method: use 15% trimethoprim 50 grams to spray 50-60 kilograms of water, 40-60 kilograms per mu, about 20 days after application, and then spray once.

4. Broad bean Fusarium wilt

Harm characteristics: Fusarium wilt is mainly caused by blackening of roots, short main roots, few lateral roots, yellow leaves, wilting plants and drooping top stems and leaves.

Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, 50% methyl topiramate 500 times solution can be used to irrigate the root, and the drug can be used for 2-3 times, which has a good control effect.

5. Broad bean brown spot

Harm characteristics: broad bean brown spot can infect the stems, leaves, pods and seeds of broad bean. The leaves show small reddish brown freckles at the beginning of the disease, and then expand into round or oval disease spots. The center of the disease spot is light gray, the edge is dark brown and red, and the diameter is 3-8 mm. On it, there are dense black grains arranged in rings, and when the disease is serious, they blend into irregular patches.

Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600-800 times, or 50% succinic acid copper acid wettable powder 500-600 solution can be sprayed every 7-10 days for 1-2 times.

6. Verticillium wilt of broad bean

Damage characteristics: yellowing only occurred in one section of the plant at first, the color on the other side was normal, the leaves on the upper part of the stem gradually yellowed from the lower part to the upper part, and the yellowed leaves were pale green or green yellow at first, and then turned yellow completely.

Control methods: ① selected disease-resistant varieties and rotation. At the initial stage of the onset of ②, 50% mixed sulfur suspension, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 50% copper succinate wettable powder were irrigated with 500ml of each plant. Stop using medicine 3 days before harvest.

7. Broad bean anthracnose

Damage characteristics: broad bean anthracnose mainly harmed leaves, stems and pods. At the initial stage of leaf damage, dark reddish brown spots were scattered on the surface, and then expanded to 1-3 mm with reddish brown edges in the middle. The disease spot fused into a large patch, the size of 10 mm, the disease spot round to irregular shape, mostly limited by leaf veins, the diseased leaf rarely dried up, and black spots were produced on the disease spot in the later stage.

Prevention and treatment methods: spray 80% anthrax Fumei wettable powder 800-1000 times, or 58% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 800-1200 times before or at the initial stage of the disease. Spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row. Stop using medicine 3 days before harvest.

8. Broad bean mosaic disease

Harm characteristics: broad bean mosaic disease occurred in the whole plant, and the symptoms were different due to different strains of bean macular mosaic virus, which could be divided into two types: mosaic type and yellowing type. The mosaic diseased plant is obviously short, the leaf is wrinkled, curly and thick, the mesophyll is yellow and green alternately mottled, the dwarfism of the mildly diseased plant is not obvious, but the apical heart leaf turns yellow or curled, the seriously diseased plant is obviously shorter than the healthy plant, and does not bloom and bear fruit. The yellowing type plant is short, the leaves are yellow and thin, the stem is erect, generally not wilting, and the diseased leaves are easy to fall early in the later stage.

Control methods: ① selects disease-resistant varieties and pays attention to strengthening field management. When ② is sprayed in time to control aphids, 50% aldicarb wettable powder can be used 2500-3000 times. Stop spraying three days before harvest.