What kind of compound fertilizer do you usually use to grow chili? When will you sow and reap? What about the flowering and fruiting period? Management techniques in the middle and later stage of open-air pepper

Pepper, alias: horned pepper, long pepper, vegetable pepper, lantern pepper, red sea pepper, Chaotian pepper, is an annual or limited perennial herb. So what kind of compound fertilizer do you usually use to grow chili? When will you sow and reap? What about the flowering and fruiting period? What are the management techniques of open-air pepper in the middle and later period? It is learned from the uncle of pepper grower that it is better to dissolve pepper with high potassium water. Because the element content is comprehensive, sufficient fertilizer should also have a large number of elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, as well as medium elements calcium, magnesium, sulfur, but also contains some necessary trace elements such as boron, manganese, iron and so on. The total content of a large number of elements is 60%, and the lowest content of a single element is not less than 6%.

When will chili peppers be sown and harvested?

In the south of the Yangtze River, the seeds are usually sown in March and covered with plastic film to keep warm. Seedlings are transplanted in April and chili peppers can be harvested from May to June.

What about the flowering and fruiting period of general chili peppers?

There are several reasons for the low fruiting rate of hot pepper.

The situation of more flowering and low fruit setting rate often occurs in the process of pepper planting, which is usually caused by poor flower bud differentiation caused by bad environment. It is also possible that the plants grow excessively, the vegetative growth is too strong to compete for a large amount of nutrients, and they can not sit on the fruit, or it is due to poor pollination, when the humidity in the shed is too high, the pollen can not be dispersed to affect pollination, and so on. Usually, the control of temperature, water and fertilizer should be strengthened and pruning should be strengthened. before flowering, young fruit stage and expansion stage, pepper Zhuangtiling + Huawang No. 3 should be sprayed once to control shoot growth, balance the amount of flowers and improve the quality of pollen fertilization. it can thicken the handle of the fruit, smooth the transport of water and nutrients, increase the flow of nutrients, and promote the development and expansion of the fruit. And spraying organic fertilizer during the growing period can promote the quality of flowers and reduce the physiological drop of flowers and fruits.

Attached: management technology of open-air pepper in the middle and later stage

First, apply topdressing skillfully and water at the right time

1. topdressing at the right time

Because the pepper has many fruits and is harvested many times, it needs a large amount of fertilizer in the middle and later stage, so topdressing should be carried out. The basic principle of topdressing for hot pepper is "controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and supplying potassium". Plots with good soil fertility and sufficient bottom fertilizer can be combined with watering, applying 4 kg water-soluble fertilizer per mu or 8 kg urea plus 5 kg potassium sulfate per mu. The plots with no organic fertilizer, insufficient topdressing and premature senescence should be irrigated with 6kg water soluble fertilizer per mu or 10kg urea plus 6kg potassium sulfate for 2-3 consecutive times.

2. Spraying foliar fertilizer. Foliar fertilizer was sprayed to enhance nutrition, plant resistance and yield and quality of pepper. When a large number of plants bloom and the number of hanging fruits increases, extra-root topdressing can be used. 0.1% urea plus 0.2% rape 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other micro-fertilizers can significantly increase the yield.

3. Supplement trace elements. Foliar spraying zinc sulfate 1500 times, chromium high calcium, Guoguang high potassium and other trace fertilizers to improve the heat tolerance of pepper and prevent the emergence of pepper lobular disease.

2. Pruning

Timely removal of long branches, injured branches and diseased branches below bifurcations, removal of tender shoots, timely removal of old leaves, withered leaves and diseased leaves in the lower part of the plant, so as to promote the concentration of nutrients to the fruit, so as to facilitate ventilation, light transmission and cooling, and control the spread and spread of diseases and insect pests, can effectively increase the weight of a single fruit.

Third, guard against "three falls"

The phenomenon of falling flowers, fruits and leaves in the fruiting period of pepper is called "three falls", which has a great influence on the yield of pepper. The prevention and control of "three falls" should mainly do the following: cultivate strong seedlings; select sandy soil with good drainage, avoid continuous cropping and implement rotation; reasonable close planting, strengthen water and fertilizer management, so as to make the plant grow and develop moderately. According to the level of air temperature, different concentrations of anti-falling element are used to spray flowers, in principle, the high temperature is lower, the temperature is lower, the concentration is higher, the general concentration is 30-50 mg / kg, each flower can only be sprayed once, should not be re-sprayed, and should be sprayed on cloudy and rainy days or in the evening; pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

Fourth, ploughing and weeding

In the middle and later stages of pepper growth, due to watering, fertilization, rainfall and other agricultural operations, it is easy to cause soil consolidation and soil moisture damage. Ploughing should be done in time before closing the forest to promote the growth of deep roots and prevent premature senescence; the depth and range of mid-tillage should not damage the roots; generally, timely watering after mid-tillage and soil cultivation is beneficial to the growth of pepper; the abandonment of weeds is beneficial to the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pepper. The field management of pepper during the whole growth period is well done, the plant growth is robust, the stress resistance is relatively enhanced, and the harm of diseases and insect pests is relatively mild, which can reduce the frequency of drug use, reduce the production cost, increase the yield and increase the income of pepper.

5. Prevention and control of diseases

The main diseases in the middle and later stages of pepper are virus disease, blight, anthracnose, bacterial wilt and sunburn, and insect pests include drill worms, red spiders, aphids and so on.

(1) Prevention and control of pepper diseases

1. Virus disease: aphid control should be done well to reduce the spread of the virus. After the pepper is infected, it causes falling flowers, fruits and leaves. Generally, the production will be reduced by 20%, 30%, and 60%, 70%, respectively. When aphids are found in the field, spray control immediately, using 20% imidacloprid 8-12 grams or 70% imidacloprid 6-8 grams, mixed with water 60 kg, evenly spray to control aphids. In the early stage of the disease, 30% fluorophos was sprayed with 60 grams of water per mu to prevent and control virus disease, and sprayed once every 5-7 days for 2-3 times in a row. If the disease is serious, the leaves are shrunk and the internodes are shortened. 98% fenac sodium or 4 grams of brassine can be added to the above agents to accelerate cell division and reduce harm.

2. Anthracnose: anthracnose is easy to be induced by insufficient fertilization or too much nitrogen fertilizer, poor drainage in the field and sunburn of the fruit. High temperature and heavy rain are beneficial to the occurrence and epidemic of anthrax. Control methods: increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of the plant; reasonable close planting to reduce the occurrence of sunburn; spray at the initial stage of the disease: 65% zinc 500 times solution; 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution. Spray 2-3 times every 7-10 days.

3. Epidemic disease: epidemic disease prevention and control methods: chemical control should be carried out at the initial stage of the disease, and 72.2% Pulic water agent is selected to irrigate the root 600-800 times. Or 52.5% frost urea cyanide per mu. 25 grams of oxadimefon and 60 kilograms of water were sprayed evenly.

(2) Pest control of hot pepper

1. Heart drills: the key is to apply pesticides from the peak hatching period to the peak stage of the second instar, when the larvae have not yet eaten into the fruit. Can be used 200sc chlorobenzamide (Kangkuan) 20 ml of 60 kg of water spray control, the control effect is very good.

2. Red spider: the key of chemical control is to detect the rolled leaves of the central plant in the field as soon as possible. The focus of spraying is on the young parts of the upper part of the plant, especially on the back of the top leaves. Can be sprayed with 1.8% avermectin 1500-2000 times, must be sprayed twice within 3-5 days after the first spray, the effect is good, and then spray once every 7 days, 3 times in a row. Regular spraying should be carried out after 5 p.m.

3. Aphids: mainly harm the leaves of plants, causing leaf deformities. Production should be prevented in advance, with 20% acetamiprid 8-12 grams or 70% imidacloprid 6-8 grams, 60 kg of water, uniform spray control, if the weather is dry, when the number of aphids is large, continuous spray control.

VI. Prevention of premature senescence in the later stage of pepper

Pepper often causes premature senescence due to lack of water and fertilizer in the later stage. at this time, we should pay attention to take measures to keep the plant healthy, not make the plant decay, promote fruit ripening and ensure yield. Do a good job in the "three precautions": prevent the growth of the apprentices, prevent the occlusion between the lines, and prevent the fruits from being picked late. To maintain soil moisture, it is appropriate for the ground to see dry and wet. Attention should be paid to fattening in the later stage. Although the late growth stage of pepper has passed the peak of fertilizer demand, adequate fertilization is also needed. Pay attention to the principle of applying fertilizer more times and less each time.

Pick at the right time

1. Green pepper: most chili peppers are eaten with green tender fruit, so they can be picked as long as they grow to a certain size, but it is most suitable for green pepper to be picked when the pericarp is thick green, hard and shiny; the early fruit should be picked early so as not to affect plant growth, and it can also be sold at a good price; in the middle and later stages, the fruit can be picked when it reaches a certain maturity to improve quality and yield. Because of its early listing and high selling price, picking green pepper can obtain higher economic value on the market. Green pepper can be picked and put on the market 15-20 days after flower fade. The same plot is usually picked once every 2-3 days.

2. Red pepper: red pepper can be picked about 50 days after blossom fade. It should be picked in time, and it should be picked while red. Otherwise, the growth and fruit of the plant will be affected.

At the same time of picking hot pepper, diseased fruit, insect fruit and withered branches and leaves were taken out of the pepper soil and destroyed, so as to reduce the damage.