How much is the price of plastic film mulching machine on the market at present? In what season do you use plastic film? What are the technologies?

Plastic film mulching refers to a measure to cover the surface with agricultural plastic film. It is a common measure not only to prevent soil erosion, but also to increase crop yield. How much is the price of the plastic film mulching machine on the market? In what season do you use plastic film? What are the technologies? Learned from the Shandong agricultural machinery market, different brands, models, sizes and the use of different crops, the price is different, the market price varies from 450yuan to 3000 yuan.

In what season do you use plastic film?

The main functions of plastic film are:

1. Increase the ground temperature: promote seed germination, plant rooting or root growth.

2. Moisture conservation (moisturizing): reduce evaporation and save irrigation water

3. Weeding: it is difficult for weeds to survive for a long time under the cover of plastic film.

Therefore: 1. Use plastic film when sowing in open field in spring (increase soil temperature, preserve soil moisture, save irrigation and weeding).

2. Use plastic film when sowing in greenhouse (reducing evaporation, reducing humidity in greenhouse, weeding).

What are the plastic film mulching technologies?

The biggest effect of plastic film mulching cultivation is to increase the soil temperature. after the plastic film mulching is exposed to sunlight during the low temperature in winter and spring, the temperature in the soil layer with a depth of 10 cm can be increased by 1 ℃, up to more than 8 ℃. In the high temperature period, if there is no shade, the surface temperature of the soil under plastic film can reach 50 ℃, and the surface temperature will be higher when the soil is dry. However, when crops are shaded, or when the surface of plastic film is covered with soil or mud, the soil temperature of plastic film mulching is only 1 ℃ higher than that of open field. When the soil is moist, the soil temperature will be 0.5-1.0 ℃ lower than that of open field, and the highest can be 3 ℃ lower. At night, due to the influence of cold air, the soil temperature under plastic film was only 1 ℃ higher than that in the open field. The warming effect of plastic film mulching varies with different mulching period, mulching mode, weather conditions and types of plastic film.

1. Effect of plastic film mulching

Due to the strong air tightness of the film, it can significantly reduce soil water evaporation, stabilize soil moisture, and keep moist for a long time, which is beneficial to root growth. The methods of artificial and replenishing soil moisture can be used for drought-resistant sowing in arid areas. Under relatively dry conditions, the soil water content in the soil layer at the depth of 25 cm is generally more than 50% higher than that in the open field. With the deepening of soil layer, the difference of water content decreases gradually.

The crops covered with plastic film grow vigorously and consume more transpiration water, which is easy to show the phenomenon of water shortage under the same management conditions. Attention should be paid to irrigation to prevent drought and yield reduction. Because plastic film mulching has the effect of increasing temperature and moisturizing, it is beneficial to the proliferation of soil microorganisms, accelerate the transformation of humus into inorganic salts, and facilitate crop absorption. According to the determination, after mulching plastic film, the available nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus can be increased by 30%, 50%, 10% and 20%, respectively. Plastic film mulching can reduce the leaching, loss and volatilization of nutrients, and improve the utilization rate of nutrients. However, the nutrients under plastic film mulching were higher in the early stage of crop growth and decreased in the later stage. When producing vegetables, attention should be paid to topdressing in the later stage, otherwise the yield will be affected. In addition, plastic film mulching can avoid soil consolidation caused by irrigation or Rain Water erosion, reduce the labor of ploughing, and make the soil loose and permeable. It can increase the total porosity of the soil by 10%, reduce the bulk density by 0.02-0.3 g / cm 3, increase the stable aggregates of the soil by 1.5%, and coordinate the fertilizer, water, gas and heat conditions in the soil. At the same time, it can prevent the occurrence of alkali return and reduce the harm of salinity.

After plastic film mulching, the middle and lower leaves of the plant could get 14% more reflected light at noon, which was 4 times more than that in the open field, so that the lower fruit of the fruit tree was well colored, the flowers were bright and the tobacco leaves were good. The photosynthetic intensity of tomato can be increased by 13.5-46.8%, the content of chlorophyll can be increased by about 5%, and the aging period of middle and lower leaves can be postponed, and dry matter accumulation can be promoted, so the yield can be increased.

When there is a high temperature between the plastic film and the surface in a sunny day, a high temperature of about 50 ℃ often occurs, resulting in the death of grass buds and weeds. The combined use of herbicides before and after covering the film can prevent weeds and subtract the labor occupied by weeding. However, poor quality of film mulching or no application of herbicides will also cause grass shortage. Because of the strong plant growth after plastic film mulching, the disease resistance can be enhanced and the incidence can be reduced. Covering silver-gray reflective film is more effective in avoiding aphids and can reduce the spread harm of virus disease.

Second, the bad influence of plastic film mulching technology

The main results are as follows: 1. Due to the rapid decomposition of organic matter, high crop utilization rate and less fertilizer supplement, the decline of land fertility or untimely topdressing management will lead to early maturity, no yield increase, or even yield reduction.

2. Plastic film mulching is not suitable for cultivation on dry sandy land, barren land and heavy clayey land. Because the soil temperature after plastic film mulching in dry sandy land is easy to produce high temperature at noon, the yield will be reduced in the case of serious drought.

3. On the barren land, it is inconvenient to apply fertilizer after plastic film mulching, and if the basal fertilizer is not applied enough when sowing, mulching can not increase the yield.

4. Heavy clayey land is rough in drought, it is difficult to rake and crush during soil preparation, it is difficult to stick to the ground after mulching, and the plastic film is easy to blow and blow away when there is a strong wind.

5. it is difficult to remove the residual film in the field to pollute the soil, it is difficult to recycle the residual film, throw it randomly and pollute the environment, so the residual film should be removed thoroughly and burned centrally.

3. Plastic film mulching mode

The way of plastic film mulching varies according to local natural conditions, crop types, production seasons and cultivation habits.

1. Flat bed cover

The border surface is flat, there are ridges, the width of the border is 1.00-1.65 meters, and the length of the border depends on the plot. Before sowing or planting, the plastic film is laid on the border and pressed around with soil, which is suitable for short-term temporary mulching. The mulch is labor-saving and easy to water, but it is easy to cause silt pollution after watering. Mulching has the effect of increasing temperature in the initial stage, and cooling down in the later stage with the aggravation of pollution. Generally used for planting onion, garlic and high seedling support vegetables, wheat, cotton and other crops, fruit forest seedlings cutting is also used.

2. High ridge cover

The border surface is in the shape of a ridge, with a ridge bottom width of 50 mi 85 cm, a ridge width of 30 mi 50 cm and a ridge height of 10 mi 15 cm. Plastic film covers the ridge. The distance between the ridges is 50ml and 70cm. Plant single-row or double-row cabbage, lettuce, sweet pepper, cauliflower and so on. High ridge cover is better exposed to light, the ground temperature is easy to rise, and it is also easy to water, but the ridge height in arid areas should not exceed 10 cm.

3. High bed cover

The border is flat-topped, 10m above ground level, 15cm high, and 1.00-1.65m wide. The plastic film is laid flat on the surface of the high border. Generally grow vegetables with high seedling supports, such as melons, legumes, eggplant fruits, as well as grain and cotton crops. The warming effect of high border mulching is better, but drought is easy to occur in the center of the border.

4. Furrow cover

The border is made into a ditch about 50 cm wide and 15 cm deep. The seedlings are planted in the ditch, and then the plastic film is covered with plastic film on the ditch. When the seedlings grow against the plastic film, the plastic film is cut into a cross at the top of the seedling, which is called cutting air. After the late frost, the seedlings grow out of the film from the break, and then cut the plastic film when the seedlings grow high, so that they fall to the ground and cover the roots. It is commonly said that the sky is built first and the earth is built later. In this way, 7Mel can be planted in advance for 10 days. Protect seedlings from late frost. It not only plays the role of seedling protection, but also plays the role of root protection, so as to achieve the effect of early maturity, yield increase and income. Early spring can be early planting cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, beans, sweet peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables, but also early sowing watermelons, melons and other crops.

5. Gully species slope cover

A slope-shaped trench with a depth of 40 cm and a width of 60 mi 80 cm is made on the ground. The two ditches are 5 m apart (2 m for melons and 5 m for watermelons). The ground between the two ditches is ridged. The two sides of the ditch are covered with 75 cm plastic film along with the slope, and the ground on both sides of the ditch is ridged. The two sides of the ditch are covered with 70ml 75 cm plastic film along the slope, and melons are planted on both sides of the ditch.

6. Pit cover

A hole is made with an eyeliner on the surface of a flat border, a high border or a high ridge, with a depth of about 10 cm and a diameter of 10 mi 15 cm. The crops are sown or planted in the air, and the row spacing is determined according to the requirements of the crops, and then the top of the hole is covered with plastic film. Can grow potatoes and other crops.