When will the pepper seedlings of Solanaceae be transplanted? How to transplant? How long before it blossoms and bears fruit?

Pepper is a common Solanaceae plant in China, which is generally put on the market from April to May. It is widely cultivated because of its high yield and easy planting, but because the transplanting rate is low, if you want to plant pepper well, you need to control the transplanting skills. When will the pepper seedlings be transplanted? How to transplant? How long before it blossoms and bears fruit?

1. Transplanting time:

Small pepper transplanting to choose large seedlings, strong seedlings, seedling height of 15 to 20 centimeters, with 6 to 10 leaves, has budding and flowering, root system is developed, complete and with old bed soil seedlings, the leaf color of the seedlings is normal. It is suitable for transplanting before and after Grain Rain, that is, from late April to first and middle May, when the ground temperature begins to stabilize at 17 ℃ ~ 18 ℃. Prematurely vulnerable to freezing injury, will not grow new roots, slow seedlings, easy to form small old seedlings; too late will affect the yield.

In short, transplanting chili peppers depends on the sky, the earth and the seedlings. Look at the sky, is in the sunny evening or cloudy days, the most avoid rainy days transplanting. Look at the ground, that is, look at soil moisture, it is appropriate to transplant with black soil moisture. Looking at seedlings, it is necessary to select large and strong seedlings and transplant seedlings with well-developed roots, which can improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.

2. Transplanting methods:

Generally, the method of one-stop transplanting is adopted: raising seedlings (more, less root damage), transporting seedlings (to prevent mechanical damage), planing pits (or scouring ditches or flat planting), fertilization (a handful of organic fertilizer per hole), planting seedlings (straight compaction), watering (to pour a bowl of life-saving water, return seedling water), poison bait (150 grams of warm water per mu with 150 grams of crystal trichlorfon per mu) Spray evenly on 5 kilograms of fried wheat bran for 4 hours), cultivate soil (to prevent toppling seedlings, preserve soil moisture) and other continuous operations, completed at one time. As long as the ring is fastened in the transplanting, the whole seedling can be planted at one time.

Third, planting skills after transplanting:

1. Reasonable close planting

Small pepper has the advantages of compact plant shape, weak branching ability, not easy to overgrowth and shade tolerance, so it is suitable for close planting. Reasonable close planting can not only make full use of sunlight and soil fertility, make the coordinated development of individuals and groups, more pepper, long pepper, more pepper seeds, but also grow early, early pepper, and improve the quality of pepper. It was determined that compared with sparse planting, the reasonable dense planting of hot pepper decreased by 1 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ in high temperature months and decreased the air temperature by 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃, with an average increase of 13%. It can reduce the incidence of the virus by about 17%, and the disease index is 6.4. Therefore, density can change the microclimate and increase yield by plant, which is an important technical measure to obtain high yield. The transplanting density is 8000 to 10000 plants per mu, or two plants in one hole, and 4000 to 5000 holes per mu.

2. Do a good job of shading and improve the quality of chili.

Practice has proved that small pepper likes semi-shade, and its growth in corn semi-shade is better than that in the field, with low defoliation rate, less disease, high fruiting rate, no prickly ash, single fruit weight, and the yield per plant is about 20% higher than that of field plants, and the fruit is colored and matured later. Therefore, great efforts should be made to promote corn and chili peppers, that is, each kind of 6 rows of chili peppers must be interplanted with 1 row of corn, with 2 to 3 plants in each hole and a hole distance of 50 centimeters. In this way, there will be a good harvest of chili peppers, and it will not be a problem for corn to harvest 250 kilograms per mu.

Fourth, post-transplanting management skills:

1. Temperature and light management

In order to promote the slow seedling, the hot and humid environment should be maintained after planting. If the air is not ventilated during the day, the curtain should be covered earlier and the room temperature should be raised to 2830 ℃ to facilitate heat storage. But the highest temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. If the temperature exceeds 30 ℃ or the seedlings wilt, the shade should be covered properly. The noon temperature from transplanting to the whole fruit harvest period is generally no more than 30 ℃. Too high temperature will have adverse effects on fruit setting and fruit development of hot pepper, resulting in a decrease in yield.

To master the temperature at night, from covering the curtain to 22:00 at night, according to the specific conditions, it gradually decreased from 23: 20 ℃ to about 18 ℃, in order to promote the transport of photosynthate. The lowest temperature is limited to 15 ℃ when the curtain is opened the next day, and sometimes a short low temperature of about 10 ℃ may occur.

Before March, if the light time is short and the accumulated temperature is difficult, and the accumulated temperature of large seedlings needs to be high, we can use less or no ventilation, properly replenish carbon dioxide, accumulate ground temperature, and add a coat reflective film on the back wall at the same time. Add an extra layer of grass curtain at night (the coldest time) on the front slope. Reduce the occurrence rate below 13 ℃ at room temperature. If conditions permit, biogas digesters can be built in the greenhouse, and biogas lamps can be used to replenish light and increase temperature in severe winters. on the one hand, it can prevent plants from being starved for a long time to affect their normal growth and development, and appropriately increase the temperature in the greenhouse. On the other hand, it can increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse to avoid poor ventilation, resulting in the impact of too low concentration of carbon dioxide on the yield.

As the weather becomes warmer and the ventilation volume increases gradually, the top ventilation alone cannot solve the problem and release the bottom wind.

2. Topdressing

The amount of fertilizer needed in pepper seedling stage is not large, and it is mainly concentrated in the fruit stage. The nitrogen absorbed during the whole fruiting period accounted for 57% of the total phosphorus and potassium accounted for 61% and 69% respectively. Before the door pepper was harvested, not only the plant continued to grow, but also the second and third layers of fruit (to pepper and Simandou) were also expanding and growing, blooming and sitting fruit one after another, which is the key period of topdressing. When the door pepper grows to about 3 cm, it is combined with watering for the first topdressing.

Because pepper has a special hobby for nitrogen and potash fertilizer, fertilizer management should be dominated by nitrogen and potash fertilizer, with 10 kg of urea per mu and 10 kg of biological potash fertilizer (or 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 5 kg of potassium sulfate). It can also irrigate about 2000 kg of fully mature organic fertilizer. Since then, according to the situation, the fertilizer will be fertilized every 2: 3 water. Topdressing master a small amount for many times.

3. Watering

The pepper was watered with bottom water before planting, and then watered slowly during planting, and then sprayed on the leaf surface every day could speed up the slow seedling. In early winter, the slow seedling with good soil moisture could not be watered and squatted directly. For example, before spring, after slowing down the seedling, water was secretly watered in the shallow ditch under the plastic film for 1 or 2 times, and then squatted until the pepper was watered for the first time on a sunny day in cooperation with topdressing, and then watered frequently with small water according to the changes of growth and weather.

The watering water should be preheated in advance to keep the water temperature above 12 ℃. Pepper should not be irrigated by flood and uneven between drought and flood. Excessive drying and sudden watering will lead to falling flowers, fruits and leaves. To make the soil always maintain a proper moist state, resulting in a soil environment that is not short of water, but also loose and aerated, it is suitable for the growth and development of hot pepper.

The drip irrigation equipment is the best for supplying water and fertilizer to hot pepper. After entering the initial harvest period, the average amount of water per mu per day is 1 inch, and the method of simultaneous supply of water and fertilizer is adopted. The amount of fertilizer supplied is converted according to the picking amount, and is evenly added to the water through the fertilizer applicator. If diseased plants are found, drip irrigation can be used to control the disease locally in the root zone.

4. Application of photorespiratory inhibition and hormone flower protection.

Sodium bisulfite is a cheap indirect photorespiration inhibitor. After setting fruit, the pepper was sprayed with 120 ~ 240 g / kg sodium bisulfite solution in the field, every 7 ~ 10 days, a total of 4 times, the concentration was low and then high. Generally speaking, the increase in production is about 20%.

The low temperature in the early flowering stage of hot pepper in solar greenhouse is easy to reduce the yield and bring trouble to the later management. Therefore, it is necessary to use 250g / kg tomato spirit dipped in flowers when blooming to protect flowers and promote fruit and promote growth.

5. Flowering and fruiting time:

Generally, the seedlings will blossom and bear fruit about a month after planting, and the harvest time is 2-3 months.

Note:

The temperature requirement of chili is between yarrow and eggplant. The optimum temperature for seed germination was 23-30 ℃, but it could not germinate when the temperature was lower than 15 ℃. Pepper seedlings require higher temperature, low temperature and slow growth. In the early stage of flowering and fruiting, the optimum temperature was 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night. During the fruiting period, the soil temperature was too high, especially the strong light shining directly on the ground, which was disadvantageous to root growth, and easy to cause toxin disease and sunburn disease.