Is Tartary buckwheat for both medicine and food coarse grain? Which regional species are suitable for? When will you plant it? When will it be harvested? (with local planting techniques)

In May 2018, the Ministry of Rural Agriculture issued technical guidance on Tartary buckwheat production, saying that Tartary buckwheat has a short growth period, drought tolerance, barren tolerance and rich in bioflavonoids, which is an important health food resource. Tartary buckwheat perennial planting area of 500-6 million mu, with a total output of 60-650000 tons, is Tartary buckwheat coarse grain? Which regional species are suitable for? When will you plant it? When will it be harvested?

Tartary buckwheat is a kind of coarse grain produced in the alpine area of Wumeng Mountain in Weining, Guizhou Province, and it is also a staple food in Weining, Guizhou. It can accelerate blood circulation and contains powerful antioxidant vitamin P, which can reduce blood lipids, enhance vascular elasticity and prevent blood clotting. It is a good heart-protecting food and a rare dual-purpose crop in nature.

Which areas are suitable for planting?

The main producing areas include Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and other places. In recent years, the planting area of Tartary buckwheat increased steadily, and the planting of Tartary buckwheat in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Hubei, Hunan and other places showed an expanding trend.

Planting techniques in different places:

1. Southwest Tartary buckwheat area

This area is the main producing area of Tartary buckwheat in China, including Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

(1) choose improved varieties. According to the ecological conditions and production level of various places, high-quality varieties should be selected scientifically to avoid cross-regional introduction without experimental demonstration.

(2) fine land preparation. Tartary buckwheat taboo continuous cropping, beans, potatoes, oats, corn, flue-cured tobacco and other stubble connection is better. The former crop was ploughed and turned over the stubble in time after harvest, and the soil was prepared for the second time 4 days before sowing, so that the sowing layer was soft, fine and flat. Combined with soil preparation, the application of organic fertilizer per mu is 500ml 750kg.

(3) sowing seeds at the right time. Spring sowing is usually in early April and harvested from July to August; autumn sowing is in the first and middle of August and harvest in November. Seed selection and drying before sowing can also be done by soaking seeds with biogas liquid and dressing seeds with chemicals to prevent diseases and promote seedling emergence. Strip sowing generally uses wide and narrow rows, 5mures 6 meters, sowing area 13mures 17cm, blank lines 20mur25cm, north and south ridges are better, with 60,000-90,000 basic seedlings per mu. The row spacing of on-demand is 25ml / 30cm, with 7 plants per hole.

(4) Prevention and control of diseases and pests. The main diseases of Tartary buckwheat are ring streak, brown spot, white mildew and so on. The insect pests are mainly two-striped firefly, armyworm, meadow borer, hook-wing moth and so on, which are generally controlled from budding to flowering.

(5) timely harvest. The seeds of 80% plants were harvested in time when they were ripe in the field, and were stored in the field for 3 days after harvest. The seed water content was less than 13%.

II. Tartary buckwheat area in the north

The area mainly includes Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and other places.

(1) sowing seeds at the right time. It is generally sown in mid-late June to early July and harvested in late September. The sowing amount per mu is 2m / u and 3kg / mu. Soak the seeds in biogas slurry for 3 hours before sowing. The use of rice sowing or mechanical strip sowing, the row spacing is 30mur40cm, the sowing depth is 3mur5cm, and the basic seedlings are 40,000-50,000 per mu.

(2) choose improved varieties. According to the ecological conditions and production level of various places, high-quality varieties should be selected scientifically to avoid cross-regional introduction without experimental demonstration.

(3) strengthen the management of land. The second time was in the branching stage, and the third time was in the initial flowering stage.

(4) Mechanical harvesting. It is mature when 70% of the grains of buckwheat show the inherent color of this variety. Take two stages of harvest, first use a sun-cutting machine for harvest, after placing 7-Mel in the field for 10 days, select automatic pick-up thresher or fixed thresher for threshing. The use of combine harvesters should be avoided as far as possible to reduce harvest losses.

III. Tartary buckwheat area in the south

The area mainly includes Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other places, as well as parts of Chongqing and Yunnan.

(1) reasonable crop rotation. Actively promote potato-buckwheat-oat rotation or potato-legume-buckwheat rotation to avoid repeated cropping, improve yield and quality, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

(2) to select superior varieties. According to the local ecological conditions and production level, scientific selection of high-quality varieties.

(3) do a good job in land preparation and sowing. Fertilization adopts one-time basic application technology, that is, combined with autumn turning or spring turning, the fertilizer needed during the whole growth period is applied to the soil at once, and there is no more topdressing during the growing period. Fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, with additional application of phosphorus fertilizer and appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Sowing uses small holes on demand, precision strip sowing and other methods. The seeds are usually sown in mid-late August and harvested in November. The seeds were dried and selected 3 days before sowing. The sowing depth is 4 mi 5 cm, and pay attention to the same thickness of covering soil when sowing. The sowing rate per mu is 3ml / mu and 4kg / mu, and 80 000-100000 seedlings are preserved per mu.

(4) Prevention and control of pests and rodents. The plots with serious underground pests were treated with high-efficiency and low-toxic insecticides before sowing. The wheat seeds soaked in the mixture of high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides and rapeseed oil were used as bait in the rat hole to kill the serious rodent damage. The bait was changed every 5 days for 5 consecutive times. Pay attention to the safety of medication.