When is the best time to fertilize oil crops sesame? What fertilizer? How much fertilizer does one mu of land need? (with fertilization methods at various stages)

Sesame is the seed of flax, which is divided into black and white, and each kind has different effects. It is widely cultivated because it can extract oil and make seasoning, but in order to achieve high yield, it is necessary to master the amount of fertilizer application in addition to the basic management work. When will the sesame be fertilized? What kind of fertilizer? How much fertilizer does one mu of land need?

In the growth process, sesame needs a lot of fertilizer, almost every period should be fertilized, and attention should be paid to the combination of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and so on, in order to promote the rapid growth and high yield of sesame. The specific fertilization time is as follows:

1. Topdressing at seedling stage. It is better to apply topdressing at seedling stage by opening ditches. Under the condition of barren soil, insufficient base fertilizer and weak seedling growth, a small amount of seedling fertilizer can be applied first, and the effect of diluting mature human feces and urine or urea is better. Topdressing at seedling stage should be carried out after seedling setting, branched varieties before branching, single-dry varieties before budding, 2.5 kg of urea or 1500 kg of human and animal feces per 667 square meters. If the soil is fertile, the base fertilizer is sufficient, and the seedlings grow healthily, there is no topdressing at the seedling stage.

2. Topdressing at budding and early flowering stage. Topdressing for 1-2 times at flowering stage, if the soil has good fertilizer conservation and supply, it can be topdressing once at the early flowering stage; on the contrary, it can be applied twice at the budding and early flowering stage and once at the flowering and capsule stage, and the time should be early rather than late. Generally every 667 square meters urea 6kg, or ammonium sulfate 15kg 25kg, or ammonium bicarbonate 15kg 35kg, or human and animal feces 2000kg 2500kg. Boron fertilizer should be applied in the soil where boron is deficient. In addition, about 100 kg of plant ash or 10 kg of potassium chloride can be sprinkled every 667 square meters during the initial flowering period of sesame.

3. Topdressing at flowering and capsule stage. The effect of topdressing appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer is better. For every 667 square meters, 7.5 kg of ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate can increase production by 30%. Topdressing at this stage should be early and not late, not later than the full bloom at the latest; if topdressing is too late, in case of overcast and rainy weather, it is easy to cause greedy green late ripening and aggravate the disease. Therefore, in order to give full play to the role of fertilizer in increasing production, sesame topdressing should be combined with field management such as ploughing, soil cultivation, watering and so on.

4. Foliar fertilization. Foliar spraying of boron, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could significantly increase the yield of sesame. Spraying 1% 2% urea solution or 0.1% 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice at the beginning of flowering and early flowering stage has obvious yield increasing effect; spraying 0.1% boron fertilizer and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture at flowering stage can increase grain weight; sesame is sensitive to manganese fertilizer, the commonly used manganese fertilizers are manganese sulfate and EDTA chelating fertilizer, and the effect is better when foliar spraying 7-10 days before budding. Iron fertilizer is mainly ferrous sulfate or chelated iron fertilizer, the application of iron fertilizer should be foliar spraying, the commonly used concentration is 0.1%-0.5%.

How to fertilize?

During strip sowing, ditch application or spot application was applied in a soil layer 10 cm deep from the sesame plant, which was absorbed by the root and covered with soil. according to the experiment, the yield of shallow application (10-13 cm) was 11% higher than that of deep application (25 cm). In the case of sowing, rotten cake fertilizer or granular urea can be mixed with soil, and then plough and loosen the soil to cover fertilizer. When the weather is dry, water should be sprayed after application to give full play to the fertilizer effect.

How much fertilizer does one mu of land need?

1. Law of fertilizer requirement

Generally, for every 50 kilograms of sesame, it is necessary to absorb 4.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 1.25 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide and 5.2 kilograms of potassium oxide.

2. Base fertilizer

The fertilization scheme with a target yield of 75 kg of sesame per mu is as follows: 1500 kg of farm manure, 15 kg of superphosphate, 3 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride (Shajiang black soil can not apply potassium fertilizer, the same below), 2 kg of urea or 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate.

The fertilization scheme with a target output of 100kg per 667m2 is as follows: 2000 kg of farm manure, 30kg of calcium superphosphate, 4kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, 4kg of urea or 15kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 1kg of zinc sulfate or 0.2kg of borax.

The fertilization scheme with a target output of 125-150 kg per 667 square meters is as follows: 2000-150 kg of farm manure, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate, 4-5 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, 5-10 kg of urea or 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, at the same time boron, zinc and other trace element fertilizers are applied.

Among them, boron fertilizer is usually borax, basic application, topdressing, seed application can be. The basic fertilizer is generally 0.5-0.7 kg per mu, the general amount of seed dressing is 0.4% Mel 0.6% of the seed amount, the concentration of seed soaking liquid fertilizer is 5%, and the seed soaking time is 20-24 hours. extra-root topdressing should be sprayed 2-3 times from the early flowering stage to before full flowering, and the concentration is 0.1%. 0.2%.

Zinc fertilizer is commonly used zinc sulfate, 1-2 kg per mu of bottom application, seed dressing 4-6 grams per kg of seeds. If foliar spraying, the concentration is 0.1% Mel 0.5%, the effect of spraying at bud stage is better, that is, 25-30 days after emergence.

Manganese fertilizer is often used manganese sulfate, manganese fertilizer should be applied early, if manganese fertilizer is applied in the middle and later stage, it is difficult to correct manganese deficiency, generally 0.5-0.75 kg per mu and 6-7 g manganese sulfate per kg seed. The effect of foliar spraying liquid fertilizer was better 7-10 days before budding.

If the content of soil organic matter is high, we can not apply farm manure, but directly use the corresponding content of compound fertilizer or other chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer. Applying appropriate amount of quicklime and plant ash to acid soil as base fertilizer can neutralize soil acidity and improve soil physical properties.

3. Planting fertilizer

Generally every 667 square meters retting good cake fertilizer 5kg, bone meal 2 kg, urea 2 kg, soil fertilizer about 500 kg. Each kilogram of seeds needs to be mixed with 1 gram of ammonium molybdate or rare earth. When sowing, first dissolve ammonium molybdate in a small amount of water, or dissolve rare earths in acidic water, then wet mix the seeds in the container or spray them at the same time, mix well and dry before sowing.