How to improve the survival rate of fruit tree grafting? When is the best time for grafting? How is it grafted?

The grafting of fruit trees is one of the methods of asexual reproduction of fruit trees, that is, the branches or buds on the plants of excellent varieties are connected to the appropriate parts of another plant, so that the two can be combined to form new plants. So how to improve the survival rate of fruit tree grafting? When is the best time for grafting? How is it grafted?

How to improve the survival rate of fruit tree grafting?

Grafting of fruit trees is generally divided into spring grafting and summer grafting. Branch grafting (spike grafting) is mostly used in spring, split grafting, cutting grafting, insertion grafting are often used in grafting, and bud grafting is often used in summer grafting. At present, it is a good time for fruit trees to be grafted in spring. In order to improve the survival rate of grafting, we should pay attention to the following five points:

1. Master the time of grafting. The grafting is early, the sap of the tree does not flow, and the leaf buds of the scion do not sprout, so it is not easy to survive after grafting. The grafting is late, the branches have grown leaves, the water evaporation is large, and the grafting is not easy to survive. The spring connection in central and southern Hebei is generally around "the Spring Equinox", and the summer connection is generally from late July to late August.

two。 Choose strong branches. Strong branches, full leaf buds, strong vitality, easy to survive.

3. Avoid rainy and windy weather. To listen to the weather forecast in time, choose higher temperature, sunny weather grafting. Generally speaking, it is best that there is no heavy rain for 3-5 days after grafting.

4. Scion sealing wax. In order to reduce the moisture evaporation of scion, the method of wax sealing of scion is to melt the industrial paraffin wax. When the wax temperature reaches 95 ℃ ~ 102 ℃, dip one end of the cut scion branch in the wax liquid quickly, and then quickly dip the other end.

5. The speed of grafting should be fast, and the banding should be tightened. The branches had better be cut and used at any time, and the scion branches that can not be used up that day had better be put in a plastic bag in a cool and damp place. The knife used for grafting should be sharp, the peeling surface should be flat, and grafting should be carried out in time. It is easy to dehydrate and oxidize for a long time, which affects the survival rate of grafting.

When is the most suitable time for grafting fruit trees?

1. Generally, branch grafting should be carried out in the early spring before fruit tree germination, because at this time, the tissue of rootstock and scion is enriched, temperature and humidity are also conducive to the vigorous division of cambium and accelerate wound healing. On the other hand, bud grafting should be carried out in the slow growth period, so that the grafting will survive this year and sprout and grow into seedlings next spring.

two。 The scion was treated with plant hormones before grafting, such as soaking in 200-300PPM naphthylacetic acid for 6-8 hours, which could promote the activity of cambium, thus promote wound healing and improve the survival rate of grafting.

How are fruit trees grafted?

1. Same genus:

Grafted fruit trees must be the same genus and family before they can be grafted. For example, du pear trees can be grafted into pear trees, so it is necessary to choose the same species with good varieties for grafting.

two。 Choose the right time:

Grafted fruit trees generally have a fixed time, and can not be grafted successfully at any time of the year. Generally, grafted fruit trees are grafted before sprouting in early spring and after the buds of fruit branches are fully mature in summer. Autumn is also in late summer and early autumn.

3. Choose the rootstock:

In grafted fruit trees, the grafted fruit branches are called rootstocks, so it is necessary to select rootstocks, healthy and sturdy fruit branches, and trunk fruit branches that have grown for two or three years, and to select rootstocks to prune the fruit trees and remove most of the fruit branches that are not rootstocks.

4. Choose the scion:

Scion is to be grafted to other fruit trees on the fruit branches or buds, scion selection is very important, to choose no disease, buds are relatively full, branches more upright annual fruit branches, generally choose more grafting in summer, choose buds as scions, pay attention to the maturity of buds, the color should be dark green, big and fat, such buds are healthy.

5. Careful grafting:

There are two main methods of grafting fruit trees: splitting and barking. Split is to put the grafted fruit branch, that is, the lower end of the scion should be gently cut into two slopes with a knife, or the "wedge" is generally 2 to 3 centimeters. What we should pay attention to when inserting is to align the cortex of one side of the scion with the cortex of the rootstock, and then it can be wrapped at the same height. The difference between cuttings and splices is that the scion is cut into a different slope, the length of the two slopes of the cuttings are not equal, generally one side is 2cm, one side is 1cm, the other is not much different.

6. Graft care:

After the grafting is done, the grafting site is wrapped. It must be tightly wrapped in plastic bags, leaving no pores, and then tied up with string. The main reason is that the grafting site can not be blown by the wind, and paraffin can also be applied, and some can be wrapped directly in ooze to protect the moisture of the tree.

7. Post-grafting management:

After grafting, there must be good management and care, adequate fertilization, adequate fertilization, adequate watering, and pay attention to whether the grafted fruit branches are loose or broken by the wind. When the young branches grow to more than 10 centimeters, the young branches and trunk branches should be fixed together with a thin stick, and the wrapped plastic bags should be loosened at the same time.