How should a small orchard be planned and designed? How to improve the soil?

Orchard refers to the orchard where fruit trees are planted. Also known as orchard. There are professional orchards, orchards and courtyard orchards. How should a small orchard be planned and designed? How to improve the soil?

How should a small orchard be planned and designed?

1. The planned orchard size of the orchard community should depend on the development scale, site environment and geomorphology. The area of flat orchards with good natural conditions can be about 3 hectares, and if restricted by conditions, the area can also be less than 2 hectares. Each community should be equipped with construction tools, fertilizer warehouses, pools, housing, etc.

2. Fertilizer and water facilities should be planned in the orchard, which should be used for water storage irrigation and retting. Simple water storage bucket equipment can also be used to facilitate daily irrigation, spraying and fertilization. If the integrated equipment of water and fertilizer is used, the reservoir and fertilizer dissolving tank should be set up at the top of the slope, and the drip irrigation pipeline should be laid according to the specification.

3. The setting of the orchard road should be combined with the division of the community, and it should be composed of the main road, the branch road and the access road. Flat orchard, main road width 4? 6 meters, driveable car, usually in the middle of the orchard, running through each district. The slip road width is 3? 4 meters, driveable tractor, generally located between the two zones, and connected with the main road. The sidewalk is 1 wide? 2 meters, can drive a trolley, or walk alone, and connected with the slip road, generally widened between the rows of fruit trees.

Mountain orchard, the main road can be around the mountain, or into a Z shape, the branch road is basically built along the contour line, the access road can be used by terraced side stalks, there is no need to set up separately.

4. Shelterbelt can not only reduce the wind speed and wind damage, but also adjust the temperature and humidity and improve the microclimate of the orchard. The shelterbelt mainly includes water source forest and windbreak forest. Mountain orchards generally plant water forest on the hilltop watershed or around the orchard, especially in the north. Flat orchards are generally planted with prickly dwarf plants on both sides of the main road and slip roads for windbreak, which can not only protect the wind, but also protect the fruit.

How can the orchard improve the soil?

1. Guest soil, the soil with bad characters not only has low nutrient content, but also the water, air and heat conditions are not coordinated, and the soil biological condition is poor. In order to provide good soil conditions for fruit trees, especially young fruit trees, light and fertile topsoil can be selected, and then mixed with mature chicken manure, pig manure or cow manure, which are fully mixed to form nutritious soil as backfill soil. In this way, the soil will become rich in nutrients, good physical properties and improved biological activity, which is conducive to the survival, growth and development of young trees. Guest soil has the function of isolating salt and buffering saline-alkali harm to saline soil.

2. Mulching, covering 3-5cm chopped wheat straw, wheat bran or chopped corn straw around the tree in spring and autumn respectively, which can inhibit salt, preserve water and stabilize soil temperature. After ploughing and turning, straw can be transformed into soil organic matter, releasing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron and other elements, which can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, improve soil aeration, and be beneficial to soil biological growth and development. It is best to cover plastic film to give full play to its advantages.

3. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients and is rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, which is very beneficial to soil fertilizer supply, fertilizer conservation, tillage, soil bulk density, soil biology and so on. According to the research, many excellent characteristics of high-yield orchard soil are closely related to the high content of soil organic matter. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer is one of the effective ways to fertilize the soil and overcome the lack of fertilizer, salinization and poor physical and chemical properties.

4. balanced fertilization, in view of poor soil fertilizer deficiency, poor fertility, nutrient imbalance, salinization and so on, combined with the law of fertilizer absorption of fruit trees, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizer can effectively fertilize the soil and save fertilizer. and can improve the quality of fruit.

5. Intercropping green manure has high yield and good fertilizer efficiency, which can not only increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, preserve soil and water, but also be used as feed and return to the field. Green manure is a kind of high quality fertilizer source with easy cultivation and low cost. Green manure crops such as vetch, sweet clover, alfalfa and mung beans are suitable for orchard intercropping.