How to fertilize vegetables in greenhouse to increase production? What problems should be paid attention to in the process of fertilization?

Greenhouse vegetables are a high-input and high-output mode of production in a specific environment. Different fertilization methods not only affect the utilization rate of fertilizer, but also affect the economic benefits of production. How can vegetables in the greenhouse be fertilized to increase production? What problems should be paid attention to in the process of fertilization? Next, I would like to introduce to you the matters needing attention in fertilizing vegetables in the greenhouse.

Common misunderstandings in the application of vegetable fertilizer in greenhouse at present

1. Organic manure drying

Human manure and chicken manure have become the main base fertilizer for vegetable production in greenhouse, but vegetable farmers often dry human manure and chicken manure in the field for convenience. This practice will cause maggots to reproduce, nitrogen volatilization and loss of nitrogen nutrients in fertilizers.

2. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are used as base fertilizer in alkaline soil.

Calcium magnesium phosphorus is a weakly acidic fertilizer which is insoluble in water and can be gradually transformed into water-soluble phosphate absorbed by crop roots under weak acid conditions. however, application in alkaline soil can not solve the urgent need of crop seedlings for phosphorus, resulting in physiological phosphorus deficiency.

3. Calcium superphosphate is applied to the surface as topdressing.

The movement of phosphorus in soil is small, and the range of movement is between 1 cm and 3 cm. Therefore, topical application is difficult to transfer to the crop rhizosphere, so it can not supplement the phosphorus in the crop.

4. Watering immediately after urea application.

Urea is an acylamine nitrogen fertilizer, which is soluble in water. When it is applied into soil, it can be transformed into ammonium bicarbonate after decomposition, which can be absorbed and utilized by crops. Watering immediately after surface application can easily make urea lose with water and reduce fertilizer efficiency.

5. Ammonium bicarbonate is sprinkled with water

This method often results in a lot of fertilizer at the inlet, crop growth varies, and it is difficult to manage, while the greenhouse temperature rises in the afternoon, ammonia escapes from the soil, fumigating the lower leaves of crops, resulting in fertilizer damage.

How to fertilize vegetables in greenhouse to increase production?

1. Apply appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer

Because the greenhouse vegetables have protective facilities, the soil can not be fully leached by Rain Water, and the fertilizer is not easy to be leached, so excessive application of chemical fertilizer is easy to cause salt accumulation in the soil surface, which will affect the growth of vegetables and lead to soil salinization. Therefore, before fertilization, it is necessary to diagnose soil nutrients and formulate a reasonable formula fertilization scheme to prevent blind excessive application of available fertilizer.

2. Pay attention to increasing the application of potash fertilizer:

The application of potassium fertilizer to melons and eggplant vegetables can obviously increase the yield, which is due to the decrease of soil potassium supply with the increase of planting years and the increase of vegetable yield due to the partial application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in greenhouse vegetables. According to the experiment, cucumber in greenhouse, supplemented with 7.5 kg potassium oxide per mu, showed strong stem, fresh green and thick leaves, straight melon strips, and significantly improved yield and quality of Chinese cabbage in winter. It should be noted that when selecting varieties of potash fertilizer, it is best not to use potassium chloride to avoid soil salinization.

3. Apply a small amount of fertilizer for many times:

Vegetables need more fertilizer, in addition to sufficient fertilizer, but also need to be topdressing, topdressing, a small number of times, so that one can prevent nutrient loss, two can give full play to fertilizer efficiency and improve fertilizer utilization.

4. Make up for the lack of micro-fertilizer:

Although the demand for trace elements in vegetables is small, but micro-fertilizer is an indispensable nutrient to participate in the physiological role of vegetables, such as lack of trace elements in soil, vegetables will have different symptoms of element deficiency, yield and quality decline. If there are too many trace elements in the soil, it will cause vegetable poisoning, which will also reduce the yield and quality. Therefore, the supplementary application of micro-fertilizer must be carried out according to the soil test results and the phenomenon of vegetable deficiency, and must be based on the principle of what is missing.

5. Extra-root topdressing should be accurate:

The method of foliar fertilizer spraying is simple, labor-saving and time-saving, which can avoid increasing the infection rate of vegetables due to excessive watering, and can also replenish nutrients quickly, but it is necessary to grasp the application concentration, otherwise it is easy to cause fertilizer damage and "burn" leaves. The concentrations of general foliar fertilizer spraying are as follows: urea 1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, diammonium phosphate 1%, zinc sulfate 0.1%, manganese sulfate 0.1%, borax 0.1%, ammonium molybdate 0.05% 0.1%, cupric sulfate 0.02% 0.2%, ferrous sulfate 0.2%.

Matters needing attention in fertilization of vegetables in greenhouse

1. Imbalance between inorganic and organic fertilizers.

The amount of organic fertilizer input is on the low side, and some vegetable farmers only apply a small amount of organic fertilizer in the vegetable fields close to the village or convenient for transportation, but not in the distant fields, which is not conducive to the cultivation of high-yield vegetable fields, nor is it conducive to the cultivation of high-quality greenhouse vegetable products and sustainable development. Therefore, in order to increase the application of organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer can not only have a comprehensive nutrient content, but also provide a large amount of medium and trace elements needed for the growth and development of vegetables, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve the water, fertilizer, air and heat conditions of soil, and enhance the ability of fertilizer and water conservation to promote the normal vegetative growth of vegetables.

2. Little attention has been paid to the application of medium and trace elements.

Medium and trace element fertilizers are essential for the growth of vegetables in the greenhouse, especially sensitive to trace elements, and most of them are harmful, but the application of organic fertilizer alone will make the contents of medium and trace elements in soil decrease with the increase of greenhouse age, and it is easy to induce various diseases. such as celery stem crack, tomato navel rot and so on.