What are the essentials of fertilization techniques in dry land?

Fertilizer should be applied in production, and the application methods are also different in paddy field and dry land, because the environment of paddy field and dry land is different, and the soil properties are also different. in order to give full play to the fertilizer effect in dry land, the following technical essentials should be followed.

1. Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce nutrient loss. Nitrogen fertilizer is easy to decompose and volatilize in calcareous soil, resulting in nitrogen loss. After deep application of fertilizer, nutrients can be absorbed by soil to reduce nutrient volatilization and improve nitrogen use efficiency. Phosphorus moves very little in the soil, and deep application can increase the contact between fertilizer and crop roots.

Deep application of fertilizer is beneficial to the development of root system. The root system of crops has the habit of geocentric growth and fertilizer growth. The deep application of fertilizer can not only promote the root system, enhance the absorption and utilization capacity of fertilizer, but also make full use of the deep soil water, promote the root with fertilizer, carry water from the root, and resist drought with water.

Deep application of fertilizer is beneficial to nutrient dissolution, transformation and crop absorption. The surface layer of dryland soil is mostly in a dry state in spring, and if the fertilization is too shallow, it can not increase the yield. In particular, the farther the phosphate fertilizer is from the root system, the worse the effect is.

The suitable depth of fertilization is 12m / m ~ 16cm. To sow shallow crops, fertilizers can be applied deeply before sowing. In particularly barren land, in addition to deep application of basic fertilizer, attention should be paid to the application of appropriate amount of seed fertilizer, which is beneficial to the development of crops at seedling stage.

2. The application of fertilizer in autumn after the end of the rainy season can promote the early emergence of spring sowing crops, strengthen the whole seedlings, and play the role of drought resistance, frost resistance and yield increase. Fertilizing in autumn must be deep, 12ml 16cm. The appropriate time is mid-and late-October. If the rainy season ends late, it can also be extended to early November. When it rains after fertilizing, it is necessary to preserve soil moisture and fertilizer. Autumn fertilization is the same as spring application, agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied together. Organic fertilizer has a full range of nutrients, and the fertilizer effect is slow and long-lasting, which can not be replaced by chemical fertilizer in improving soil fertility and organic nutrients. Chemical fertilizers should be combined with nitrogen and phosphorus to avoid nutrient imbalance. The optimal combination of fertilizers can enhance their strengths and avoid weaknesses and play a better role.

3. Fertilizer is fully applied at one time due to the great variation of rainfall during the precipitation period, it is difficult to top fertilizer when crops are most needed. If topdressing after rain, before drizzle or too late, the utilization rate of fertilizer and the effect of increasing yield are very low. Sometimes little topdressing in the early stage does not work, but more rain in the later stage is greedy for green and late ripening. Therefore, chemical fertilizer must be fully applied at one time, generally no longer topdressing. In this way, the crops can grow steadily, not only the early seedlings are drought-resistant and freeze-resistant, but also do not take off fat and senescence early in the later stage, and can normally fall yellow and mature.

4. Economic and rational application of chemical fertilizer the increase in the amount of chemical fertilizer is an important part of modern agricultural production. The reduction of land per capita and the improvement of living standards force more and more investment in land. The suitable application rate of chemical fertilizer on dry land varies greatly due to the land climate and crop conditions. In particular, the precipitation in the crop growing season is the main condition to determine the effect and amount of fertilizer. If the soil in the 0.2m deep soil layer cannot be clustered by hand, it shows that the amount of fertilizer applied in the dry year is very poor. If it is gently pinched into a ball and left on the ground, it shows that the soil moisture is enough, and the fertilizer application amount of Rain Water in more years can be used. The lower limit of fertilization can be used for more fertile agricultural fertilizer, on the contrary, the upper limit of fertilizer application can be adopted. The proportion of phosphate fertilizer can be increased appropriately in dry years, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be slightly reduced in bean stubble land. Attention should be paid to the accounting of input and output to improve the economic benefit of chemical fertilizer.