"Rutaceae" what diseases and insect pests does Zanthoxylum bungeanum have? What are the symptoms? What are the prevention and control methods?

Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a kind of tree species with high economic value, which has high medicinal and edible value. It is an important plant. What diseases does Zanthoxylum bungeanum have? What are the prevention and control methods of diseases and insect pests?

In the process of growth and development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, due to environmental discomfort or damage by pathogens, there are often some diseases that affect the growth, fruit and product quality of pepper trees. Common diseases: rust, anthrax, gum disease, spot leaf disease, dry rot, leaf spot disease, plaster disease and other diseases; common insect pests: red spiders, semi-tarsal mites, shell insects, aphids, heart-eating insects, giddy worms, butterflies, snails, longicorn beetles and other pests.

I. Disease control of Chinese prickly ash

1. Dry rot

At the beginning of the disease, the lesion was not obvious, and the skin of the victim was reddish brown, with the expansion of the spot, wet rot, sunken skin, and glue flow, the spot became black and long oval, and the white mycelium was distributed in the diseased tissue after peeling off the disease. in the later stage, the lesion shrank and cracked, and there were many orange dots. Black particles are often produced on the old disease spot. Large disease spots can be as long as 5-8cm, often causing a large area of bark rot, the whole tree withered.

Prevention and control methods: strengthen management, increase the application of organic fertilizer, strengthen the tree potential, do a good job in anti-freezing, insect prevention, sunburn prevention, reduce bacterial invasion, and prune in time to remove diseased branches in order to prevent insects and promote disease prevention. The method of curettage is used, that is, scraping the disease spot with a blade, etc., to the xylem, and then applying 50% topiramate 500 times solution to the wound. From April to May every year and after pepper harvesting, spray 100 times Bordeaux solution or "Daqing Garden" and Topurazine, 80% antibiotics (402) 100l times to prevent and cure the whole garden.

2. Prickly ash rust

The disease usually begins in the middle and late June, and the peak period is from July to September, and the leaves in the lower part of the crown are the first to develop the disease. In the early stage of the disease, there were round spot-shaped yellowish disease spots on the back of the leaves, which showed a yellowish-brown shape and arranged in a ring with the enlargement of the disease spot.

Prevention and treatment: spray 100 times Bordeaux solution in the initial stage of the disease. During the peak period, 65% of Dysen zinc 500 times solution was sprayed 2-3 times, or 0.2 Baume stone sulfur mixture was sprayed.

3. Anthrax

The disease mainly harms the fruit. It is found that in the early stage, there are several brown spots on the fruit surface, showing irregular distribution, and in the later stage, the disease spot becomes brown or black, round or nearly round, and the center is sunken. The disease began to occur from late June to late July every year, and entered the peak period in August.

Prevention and control methods: strengthen the management of pepper garden and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission of pepper garden. In the middle of June, you can spray 200-fold Bordeaux solution or 50% acetaminophen 800-fold solution, and in the peak period, you can spray 100-fold Bohr solution or 800-fold mancozeb solution.

4. Shoot blight

The disease mainly harms the twigs and shoots of the year. It was not obvious at first, but in the later stage, the tender shoots were withered and erect, and long grayish-brown disease spots appeared on the branchlets. There are many small black spots on the spot and the epidermis is slightly protruding. The disease began in late June and reached its peak from July to August.

Control method: find withered shoots, cut off and burn them in time. During the onset of the disease, 70% topiramate was sprayed 1000 times, or 65% Dysen zinc 400 times, 40% Fumei arsenic 800 times.

5. Glue disease

Harmful symptoms the disease begins to attack at the seedling stage and is more common in adulthood. Pepper tree trunk out of yellow mucus, and gradually increase, into yellowish-brown gum juice, so it is called glue disease. The pepper trees damaged by the disease first died locally, and then gradually expanded to the death of the whole plant. The main causes of gummy disease are the damage of longicorn beetles and gibberellin larvae, freezing injury, tree trunk cracks and so on.

Prevention and cure method

① strengthen the cultivation and management of trees, enhance the disease resistance of trees, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and improve the soil. As some diseases and insects mainly invade from the wound, the underground diseases and insect pests should be irrigated in time to avoid injuring the big roots and reduce the non-infectious diseases.

② timely spray, do a good job in the bacteria to occur in late March, spray 1500 times methyl topiramate and other fungicides, before the two peak periods, that is, in mid-May and late July, spray water or scrape the gum after rain, spray 1000 times of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or octylamine (high concentration only sprays tree trunks) every other week, alternate use, continuous spray 2-3 times to prevent the spread of infectious bacteria. When the pest is serious, the internal absorption agents (spiroethyl ester, thiazide, etc.) should be applied to the tree trunk in time. The disease spots that have occurred should be scraped off in time, and then protected by stone-sulfur mixture. when a wormhole is found in the branch, it should be stabbed with steel wire or bamboo stick in time, stab the live worm or dip it in 50 times dichlorvos with cotton ball, and then put it into the wormhole, and seal it with soft mud on the outside. Kill the moth.

③ cleaning garden disinfection to reduce overwintering pathogens and pests in winter, prickly ash garden should be cleaned thoroughly, the branches and leaves of diseases and insect pests should be burned or buried deeply in winter, 5 Bomedo stone sulfur mixture or 100 times equal Bordeaux solution should be sprayed in early spring and late autumn to control overwintering diseases, and tree trunks should be whitened before winter to prevent frost injury. In addition, the topsoil around the tree plate and rhizome should be replaced in time to reduce the occurrence of rhizome diseases and insect pests.

6. Plaster disease

Damage symptoms: round, oval or irregular bacterial membrane tissue is formed on the trunk and branches, which is attached to the tree. The diameter of the bacterial membrane tissue can reach about 6.7~10cm, showing grayish white, light brown or yellowish brown at first, and then purple brown, dark brown or inner brown. Sometimes it is velvety, the edge is light, and there are often tortoise cracks in the middle. Some later dry shrink, gradually peel off, the whole bacterial membrane is like a plaster in traditional Chinese medicine, so it is called "plaster disease".

Prevention and cure method

① chemical control and manual eradication chemical control and manual eradication is one of the main methods to control diseased plants. Plaster disease is a trunk disease caused by fungi. In the aspect of chemical control, chemical injection or high concentration strong permeable agents are generally used to brush the disease department. The most commonly used drug is spraying Bordeaux solution or 20% lime milk. Of course, the cost of general spraying is a little too high, and it is possible to kill some natural enemies of scale insects. In order to effectively control the plaster disease, we only manually eradicate the diseased plants and use Baume 415. Smear the stone sulfur mixture. Because stone-sulfur mixture is a widely used fungicide, it can not only kill the fungi that cause plaster disease, but also have a certain control effect on scale insects.

Control of ② scale insects because the pathogens of plaster disease are often symbiotic with scale insects, scale insects can secrete a kind of honey, which provides nutrients for the growth and development of plaster disease pathogens, so it is necessary to control plaster diseases. First of all, the control of scale insects should be done well, and the control of scale insects, the way and dosage of drugs are different in different seasons and periods. The control of shell insects can be carried out in accordance with the methods described above.

II. Pest control of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

1. Chinese prickly ash shell beetle

The insect mainly harms the tender buds of Chinese prickly ash. In late February, the newly hatched nymphs were orange and transparent, and gradually turned fleshy red after feeding. The emergence of the female ended in the middle of April, and the main site of oviposition was on the back of the leaves. The spawning period was about 15 days.

Control methods: out of the stinging period (late February-mid-April): from the beginning of March, field observation 2-3 times a day, when a large number of nymphs began to spray: spray "shell quick kill" or "Jiejiejing" 800-1000 times liquid; spray "isocarbophos" 1500 times + the same amount of "Shengliping"; spray "quick extermination" 1000 times. Egg stage (from late April to mid-May): 1500 times of isocarbophos can be sprayed + the same amount of "Shengliping". Nymph stage (late June-late October): spray "shell quick kill" or "Jiejiejing" 800x liquid; spray "disinfectant" 2000 times liquid; spray "isocarbophos" 1500 times + the same amount of "Shengliping". Overwintering period: during the dormant period of trees, 3-5 Baumedu stone sulfur mixture can be sprayed; "powerful killing" 800 times; "Jie Dejing" 800 times liquid.

2. Zanthoxylum bungeanum narrow Jiding

In the first generation, the larvae overwintered in the branches and xylem or under the skin, the activity began in late April, the peak period of pupation was from late April to late June, and the peak period of adult emergence and oviposition was from late May to early July. the larval hatching period reached the peak stage from late June to early August, and the larval stage was more than 10 months, with April and June as the serious period.

Control methods: during the glue-flowing period of overwintering larvae from late April to early May and the newly hatched larvae in early June, the glue-flowing parts were hammered with nail hammers and stones to kill the larvae, and then scraped off the dry, cracked, rotten or large glue scars with a knife, scraped to good skin, and then smeared with 20-50 times "speed extinguish".

From the middle of May to the last ten days of June, the canopy was sprayed with 800-1000 times liquid, such as quick killing, enemy killing, etc., once every 7 days, spraying 2-3 times to kill adults; during the peak hatching period of June larvae, they were dried with 50-100 times "rapid extinction" once every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times in succession to kill newly hatched larvae.

3. Aphids

Generally speaking, the insect can reproduce 20-30 generations a year and overwintering with eggs on Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees. Nymphs hatched in March of the following year produce winged aphids after breeding on trees for 2 to 3 generations. Winged aphids fly to cotton fields or other parasitic trees from April to May to produce offspring and cause damage, and all aphids stranded on Zanthoxylum bungeanum will migrate after early June. In August, some winged aphids migrated from cotton fields or other parasitic trees to pepper for the second time.

Control method: biological control: protect natural enemies. In early May, adults and larvae such as Coccinella septempunctata were caught in the wheat field and returned to pepper branches with a ladyaphid ratio of 200. Artificial honeydew or sucrose solution can also be sprayed on pepper trees to attract natural enemies such as Coccinella septempunctata.

Chemical control: the water in the sprayer is 15 kg, and the medicine in each barrel is as follows: when pests occur, compound pesticides can be used, that is, ① quick kill 8 ml + avermectin 4 ml; ② fire 10 ml + avermectin 4 ml.

Urine washing mixture: urea (4): washing powder (1): water (400).

Trunk spraying method: the time is in the early and middle of March. 20-30cm away from the base of the trunk, scrape off the old skin, apply 15-20cm wide, and then wrap it with newspaper or Kraft paper.

If the medicine is: quick culling (1): water (20).

4. Prickly ash butterfly (also known as citrus powder butterfly)

1. Morphological features: adult body length 18 Mel 30 mm, wingspan 66 Mel 120 mm, body yellowish green, black stripes on the back, this butterfly has two kinds of spring and summer, summer shape with dark yellow, spring shape is small, larva is dark brown at first, head is yellow, and all green when mature.

two。 Life habits: 3 generations a year, overwintering with pupa, adult feathering in March, feeding on tender leaves after ovalization, eating a large amount of food, sometimes the whole leaves are eaten up, the old leaves are left with only the main veins, the pupation occurs in June and July, and the summer type occurs after July.

Control of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Butterfly

The prevention and control of Phoenix butterfly is relatively simple, and it can be controlled by spraying cyhalothrin, metoprolol, methamidomide, bifenthrin and so on.