What are the symptoms of wild mushroom poisoning? How to eat wild mushroom poisoning? How to tell the difference in life?

Recently, three mothers and daughters were poisoned by wild mushrooms, resulting in the death of their youngest daughter. There are many kinds of wild mushrooms, and many of them are poisonous, so what are the symptoms of wild mushroom poisoning? How to eat wild mushroom poisoning? How to tell the difference in life? Which identification methods are not credible?

On July 13, three mother and daughter in Liujiabao Village, Wuzhu Town, Qianyi District, Xi'an were poisoned by eating wild mushrooms picked by themselves. At present, the 9-year-old sister has died unfortunately, the mother and sister are still in the intensive care unit dialysis treatment. Wild mushroom poisoning has obvious seasonal high incidence characteristics, which are mostly concentrated from May to October every year. At this time of year, although there are constant warnings from experts, there are still frequent poisoning incidents.

Symptoms of wild mushroom poisoning

Poisoning performance: different toadstools contain different toxins, and the poisoning performance is also different, but generally can be divided into the following four categories:

1. Gastroenteritis type: this type of patients developed weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and watery diarrhea 10 minutes to 2 hours after eating mushrooms. The recovery is faster and the prognosis is good. There are many mushrooms with such symptoms, such as red mushroom, milk mushroom, boletus, orange-red poison umbrella, poisonous light cover umbrella, moonlight fungus, wax umbrella, ring handle mushroom and so on.

2. Neuropsychiatric type: 10 minutes-6 hours after eating, in addition to gastroenteritis symptoms, there are pupil narrowing, saliva increase, excitement, hallucination, gait stumbling and so on.

3. Hemolysis type: the incubation period is 6-12 hours, in addition to gastroenteritis, there are hemolysis, anemia, hepatomegaly and so on. This type of poisoning can be recovered after treatment with adrenocortical hormone and blood transfusion.

4. Liver disease type: gastroenteritis appeared 10-30 hours after eating. Some patients may have a false recovery period, followed by liver, brain, heart, kidney and other multiple organ damage, but the liver damage is the most serious. Some patients may have mental symptoms. The general course of the disease is 2-3 weeks. The fatality rate is high.

Five first aid measures for mushroom poisoning

After eating poisonous mushrooms by accident, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea and abdominal pain occurred after 0.5-0.6 hours, which could be accompanied by hyperhidrosis, drooling, tears, pulse, and / or signs such as jaundice, anemia, bleeding tendency and so on. A small number of patients developed arrogance, respiratory arrest, even coma, shock and death. After poisoning, the following first aid measures should be taken:

1. Call an ambulance. Immediately call the emergency number to call an ambulance to the scene, and keep samples of poisonous mushrooms for professional treatment reference.

two。 Vomiting, gastric lavage and catharsis. In order to reduce the absorption of toxins, let the poisoned person drink a lot of lukewarm water or dilute salt water, and then put his finger into the pharynx to induce vomiting, which can be repeated many times.

3. Rehydration. After vomiting, in order to prevent dehydration caused by repeated vomiting, it is best to let the poisoned person drink salt water and add sugar salt water to supplement the loss of body fluids and prevent the occurrence of shock.

4. To prevent suffocation. Do not force water into the mouth of patients who have been in a coma to prevent asphyxiation.

5. Cover the patient with a blanket to keep warm.

The folk method of identifying poisonous mushrooms is not credible!

Wild mushroom poisoning occurs frequently every year, and some experts explain that many people are misled by the wrong way to identify poisonous mushrooms, not because they eat indiscriminately. Because in the eyes of experts, many folk methods to identify poisonous mushrooms are mostly unreliable.

Theory one: look at the color. The bright colors are poisonous and the simple ones are innocuous.

This is the most popular way to identify poisonous mushrooms. However, there are many kinds of poisonous mushrooms, which vary greatly in different regions, and the color can not be generalized. For example, the Yuhuang mushroom with high nutrition and good taste is beautiful golden yellow, and the wild red mushroom, which is very popular in Wuyishan area of Fujian Province, also has a bright red appearance. On the other hand, simple-looking poisonous mushrooms are also very common, such as deer flower fungus, which meets the standard of "non-toxic mushrooms" in appearance, but is actually very toxic. White poison umbrellas are white in color and simple in appearance, but they are responsible for many deaths in recent years.

Argument 2: look at the growth zone. Poisonous in dark, wet, dirty areas, and non-toxic in clean grasslands or on pines and oaks.

The toxins in mushrooms come from the organism itself, not from the external environment, and where it grows has nothing to do with whether the mushroom is poisonous or not. In fact, as large fungi, all mushrooms do not contain chlorophyll and cannot carry out photosynthesis, so most of them grow in a dark environment and must be parasitic, saprophytic or symbiotic with higher plants, and require high humidity. The dark and humid environment is also the main growing place of non-toxic mushrooms.

Statement 3: look at the shape. The cap is protruding, and the bacteria ring and receptacle are poisonous; otherwise, they are non-toxic.

Poisonous mushrooms have no specific shape characteristics. According to this identification standard, although a large number of poisonous mushrooms, including white poison umbrella and poison fly goose cream, can be avoided, many of them are not applicable. For example, Pleurotus ostreatus has no receptacles, rings and scales, and its color is very simple. Accidental eating can lead to hemolytic symptoms and even death. The straw mushrooms and bamboo shoots we often eat all have receptacles, but they are delicious, safe and harmless. Therefore, it is not reliable to tell whether mushrooms are poisonous by their shape.

Theory 4: see if there are signs of insect bites, poisonous mushrooms, insects and ants do not eat.

The physiological structure of human beings is different from that of animals, and their arsenic may be my honey. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis, commonly known as BT, is widely used in the field of insecticide. it can cause the poisoning and death of many pests, but it is harmless to the human body. However, the lethal white poison umbrella has a record of being eaten by insects.

Statement 5: do the test. For example, rub onions on the fungus lid, and the discoloration of spring onions proves that mushrooms are poisonous; when cooked with garlic and rice, garlic and rice become poisonous; when white vinegar is dropped into the squeezed juice, turning red or blue means poisonous.

It is generally believed that according to the possible harm, poisonous mushrooms can be divided into six categories: gastrointestinal damage, nerve damage, hypersensitivity, hemolysis, respiratory obstruction and liver damage. The first three are usually mild, while the last three are fatal. Different types of poisonous mushrooms contain different toxins, and their detection and detoxification methods are also very different. One test may be able to detect one or more types of poisonous mushrooms, but it cannot be applied to all toxins, so it is not safe to rely on one poison test alone.

Many of the above identification methods are based on the summary of life experience. We cannot say that it is completely wrong, but we can be sure that it has its own limitations. In fact, more than 400 species of poisonous mushrooms have been found in China, and no identification method can be used as a universal standard.

If you want to eat wild mushrooms, it is relatively safe to follow these three principles:

1. Whether you really know it or not, whether professionals have picked and eaten it. If the answer is yes, you can eat it.

two。 When you see mushrooms you do not know, you can take pre-harvest and postharvest photos to consult experts, or directly consult the local people, ask them to help determine whether it is poisonous.

3. If you don't know it, and you can't find experts or locals to confirm it, don't eat, so as to avoid poisoning.