What varieties of broccoli can I choose in summer? How to breed and plant? What are pest control techniques?

Broccoli is also known as broccoli, Italian cauliflower, Italian kale, cauliflower, green cauliflower, cauliflower, broccoli. And the cultivation is easy, the supply period is long, and has a bright future. Which varieties can you choose to grow broccoli in summer? How to raise seedlings and plant? What are the pest control techniques?

I. Variety selection

Summer sowing chooses rookies with rain resistance, thicker buds, disease resistance, Yousheng and Japanese green snow.

2. Raising seedlings

Because broccoli is a kind of high-grade export vegetable, the seeds are expensive, so it is necessary to prepare the soil carefully, improve the sowing quality and reduce the production cost. Nursery bed seedlings choose vegetable fields with fertile and loose soil, ventilation, light transmission, convenient drainage and irrigation, apply sufficient base fertilizer, disinfect the soil with multi-bacteria, make a seedbed with a high soil moisture width of 1m and 1.2m, irrigate the bottom water, and then sow seeds. Sowing in 6~7m2 nursery bed is about 25g and 30g, which can be used for 1 mu of field seedlings. After sowing, spread a layer of sifted dung and half of the culture soil, in order to cover the seeds, the seedling stage can be used to use manganese zinc or metalaxyl spray to control cabbage black shank disease. 5-6 leaves can be planted.

III. Land preparation and planting in the field

Choose fields with loose and fertile soil, good drainage and no root swelling disease. Before ploughing, organic fertilizer 2000~3000kg, phosphorus, potassium, compound fertilizer 30kg/ mu, borax 0.5kg were applied per mu. The acid soil whose pH value is less than 5.5.The soil acidity should be neutralized with quicklime 50~100kg per mu before planting, and the soil should be made according to the band ditch of 1.5m ~ 2m.

When cultivated in high border, the row spacing was about 40 × 40cm.

IV. Field management

Attention should be paid to watering seedlings from planting to survival, watering times should be reduced appropriately after survival, root growth should be promoted, and irrigation quantity and times should be increased to prevent drought in the peak period of vegetative growth and the period of flower ball formation. Pay attention to drainage and prevent waterlogging in the rainy season.

Broccoli needs a large amount of fertilizer, so it should be topdressing timely and grasp the principle of "promoting ahead, controlling in the middle and attacking later". After planting and surviving, urea 10kg, calcium 20kg and potash fertilizer 10kg are applied to water per mu. Boron and molybdenum fertilizers should also be sprayed on the leaves at the initial stage of flower bud appearance, and the concentration is about 0.2%. When the bulb grows to the size of 4~5cm, urea 15kg, calcium 20kg and potassium fertilizer 10kg are used per mu to water and water after fertilization. 0.5% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax water were sprayed every 10 days to facilitate the rapid growth of the main ball and the development of bud balls on the lateral branches.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

(1) Diseases

1. Downy mildew with 69% Amgram ·manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times solution, or 80% mancozeb (Dasheng) wettable powder 600 times solution, or 72% urea cyanomanganese zinc (Kelu) 600 times solution, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 800 times liquid, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 700 times liquid spray, use medicine alternately.

2. Black spot can be sprayed with 10% difenoconazole (Shigao) water dispersible granule 1000-1500 times, or 50% isobarbazide (prohydantoin) wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray.

3. Black rot can be treated with 1000 times of 70% dimethazone wettable powder, or 4000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, or 90% streptomycin? Soil (neophytomycin) soluble powder 4000 times liquid, or 77% copper calcium sulfate (Donin) wettable powder 600x liquid spray control.

(2) insect pests

1. Aphids can be sprayed with 2000 times of aldicarb, 4000 times of imidacloprid, or 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin.

2. Plutella xylostella can use physical insecticidal lamp to trap and kill adults. Promote the use of biological pesticides to reduce drug resistance and long-term control effect. You can choose 1.8% avermectin EC 4000 times, or 10% chlorfenapyr suspension 1200 times 1500 times, or 2.5% spinosad (spinosad) suspension 1000 times 1500 times, or 3% chloramidine EC 1000 times 1500 times spray control.

3. Pieris rapae insecticides control reference diamondback moth.

4. Liriomyza huidobrensis removes the vegetable remains harmed by Liriomyza huidobrensis, uses fly-killing paper and yellow board to trap and kill adults, and starts spraying when you see spawning marks and feeding holes. Choose the right pesticides and use them alternately. The following agents can be used for prevention and control: (1) 48% chlorpyrifos EC 50 ml plus water 20% 50 kg uniform spray; (2) 5% avermectin EC 3000 times spray in the initial stage of pests; (3) 5% chlorphenamine (Qianke) wettable powder 5000000 times liquid spray; (4) 5% fluflubenzuron (Carbac) 2000 times liquid spray.