How should rice be managed in the field during high temperature? Technical opinions on field management of rice against high temperature in the Yangtze River Basin

Now, it is the jointing stage of rice, and in the high temperature weather, rice will inevitably have all kinds of diseases. therefore, if we want high yield of rice, we still need to do a good job in field management technology, so how to manage rice in the Yangtze River basin?

At present, one-season medium indica rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has entered the jointing stage, part of rape stubble and early stubble have entered the jointing and booting stage, one-cropping japonica rice is in the tillering stage, and the double-cropping late rice is in the seedling-raising stage; the higher altitude medium indica rice in southwest China is in the booting stage to the initial heading stage, and the lower altitude medium indica rice has entered the flowering and filling stage. According to the forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory, in the next 10 days, a high temperature process of 35 ℃ and 37 ℃ will occur in Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan and eastern Sichuan Basin, which lasts for 7 days, and the highest temperature in some areas will reach 38 ℃. In view of the current climate and rice growth characteristics, the rice expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Village, together with the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center, put forward technical suggestions on rice field management against high temperature in the Yangtze River basin.

1. Adjust the temperature with water to prevent high temperature damage.

For mid-season rice from tillering to jointing stage, the physiological cooling ability of plant transpiration should be brought into full play, and interstitial wetting irrigation with 2murl 4cm water layer and alternating dry and wet should be carried out; for one-cropping middle rice from booting to flowering stage, in case of continuous high temperature above 35 ℃, the field should keep 8mur10 cm water layer, reduce canopy and leaf temperature, and spray clear water to cool down around noon if necessary. For drought-affected areas, it is necessary to actively divert and replenish water in time to improve irrigation efficiency and promote the growth and development of rice; for double-cropping late rice seedling fields, water management should be strengthened, and where possible, daily irrigation and night drainage can be adopted to accelerate water circulation and adjust temperature. promote the steady growth of seedlings and ensure the use of water for transplanting.

2. Apply panicle fertilizer to enhance plant resistance.

For the fields with suitable number of tillers and normal leaf color, panicle fertilizer was applied twice at the 4th leaf and 3rd leaf stage. The nitrogen application rate was 40% 50% of the total nitrogen application for japonica varieties and 30% 40% for indica varieties. For the fields with small number of tillers and early yellow leaves, the amount of nitrogen application should be increased by 10% 30% to promote the weak to become strong. For the fields with large number of tillers, dark leaves and scattered leaves, they were applied or not due to the reduction of seedlings at the third or second leaf stage, and for the areas where ratooning rice was stored, 10 kg urea was applied per mu about 10 days after the full heading of the first season rice to promote the germination of regenerated buds.

3. foliar fertilizer spraying to alleviate the effect of high temperature.

For ratooning rice in the first season or in the first season from heading to full heading, measures such as foliar spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be taken after high temperature. generally, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 3% calcium superphosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaf to enhance the stress resistance of rice, reduce the harm of high temperature, promote grain filling, and improve seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. For the fields with very low seed setting rate in the later stage, if the following crops allow, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied properly to promote the tillering of dormant buds at low nodes to make up for the loss of yield.

4. unified prevention and control, strict control of diseases and insect pests

Strengthen the prediction of diseases and insect pests and accurately grasp the dynamics of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. In the critical period of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests before and after heading, we should focus on the control of rice planthopper, rice leaf roller, rice blast, rice false smut and sheath blight, vigorously promote professional unified control, improve the level of green prevention and control, reduce the amount of pesticides, and reduce the loss of diseases and insect pests.