How much is the market price of watermelon now? When will it be planted in winter and spring? When will you collect it? How do you plant it?

Watermelon, also known as summer melon, cold melon, green door green jade room, is a common annual fruit in our country, which is deeply loved by people because it is juicy and sweet, and can help digestion, diuresis, antipyretic and so on. How much is the market price of watermelon now? When will it be planted in winter and spring? When will you collect it? How do you plant it?

The latest market price:

Planting time:

The seedlings were raised in the first and middle of January, planted in February, and began to appear on the market from mid-late April to early May.

Harvest time:

It takes 28 days for early-maturing varieties and 28-32 days for middle-maturing varieties to mature. The maturity of watermelon can be comprehensively analyzed from the color, finish, wax powder, shape of melon pedicel, shedding degree of hairs, dry node position of tendrils, sound and trembling of tapping or bouncing. Generally mature fruit, the pericarp pattern is clear and shiny, the navel and stalk of the fruit are partially contracted, and the hairs of the stalk are shedding. When slapping the melon surface with the hand or flicking the melon surface with the finger, it emits a low dumb and dull sound. It must be handled gently when harvesting.

Planting techniques:

1. Variety selection

The early-maturing watermelon varieties cultivated in greenhouse should have the following characteristics: low node position of female flowers, high female flower rate, female flowers blooming until fruit ripening for about 30 days, tolerance to low temperature and weak light, steady growth, strong melon bearing ability of main vines, and loose requirements for harvest maturity. Therefore, it is necessary to select the mid-early maturity varieties with good early maturity, good quality, good yield, strong stress resistance and not strict requirements for fruit maturity and harvest.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization

667m2 was applied with high quality farm fertilizer 5000kg, cake fertilizer 200kg, potassium sulfate 30kg, calcium superphosphate 100kg and ammonium bicarbonate 50kg. Fertilizer should be applied to the soil twice, that is, general application on the ground and ditching under the ridge, and mix well with the soil. The method of planting double-row climbing vines in large and small rows is adopted. Small row spacing 60cm, large row spacing 180cm, open north-south trench on melon row according to row spacing, fertilize and irrigate in the ditch, collect soil to support the cultivation ridge and creeping border with relatively high 15~20cm. The two ridges are covered with plastic film.

3. Timely planting

The soil temperature under the plastic film in the greenhouse can be planted when the ground temperature is more than 15 ℃. From the point of view of seedling age, watermelon can be planted when there are three or four true leaves 25-30 days after grafting. Colonization should be carried out on a sunny morning and completed before 14:00, preferably 3-5 days after colonization. Planting density can not be too thick, generally 667m2 planting about 800 plants, after planting in the cultivation ridge to build a small arch shed, in order to increase temperature and moisture.

4. Post-planting management

(1) temperature management

The critical period of seedling retardation is within 7 days after planting, usually a closed greenhouse with no ventilation, 25: 30 ℃ or higher in sunny days and 18: 20 ℃ at night. Pay attention to the heat preservation at night and on cloudy days. The ground temperature in the small and medium-sized arch shed of the greenhouse is more than 15 ℃ and the air temperature is more than 10 ℃. When the temperature in the small arch shed exceeds 30 ℃, it can be let out at both ends to prevent the seedlings from being roasted at high temperature.

(2) Fertilizer and water management

Fertilization and irrigation must be carried out reasonably according to soil moisture and plant growth. Generally re-apply topdressing after sitting melon, that is, when the watermelon has the size of an egg, the surface hair gradually falls off, and the melon surface shows obvious luster, it should be washed into the chemical fertilizer along with the water, and the compound fertilizer 20~30kg is used for 667m2. The water demand of the fruit increases during the expansion period, and it is usually watered two or three times. At this time, watering should be carried out at the same time in the planting and climbing beds. As a result, watering was stopped in the later stage so as not to affect the quality of watermelon. In the later stage, extra-root topdressing was mostly used, and the mixture of 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaf. at the same time, insecticides for disease and insect control could also be added.

(3) pruning and pressing the vine and leaving the melon first.

25-30 days after planting, when the vine grows 30~35cm, except for the main vine, a strong lateral branch is left at the base of the main vine, and the rest of the daughter and grandson vines are removed, keeping 2 vines on one main side all the time. This method has more fruit setting opportunities, less possibility of empty seedlings and larger leaf area, which is beneficial to increase the quality of single fruit.

(4) artificial pollination

Artificial pollination must be carried out to cultivate watermelon in solar greenhouse. Artificial pollination can not only increase the fruit setting rate by 32%-40% compared with natural pollination, but also purposefully adjust the melon position and coordinate the balanced growth of each melon, so that each melon has sufficient nutritional area to ensure the large and high quality of the melon. Watermelon flowers bloom from 05:00 to 09:00, with the most pollen from 06:00 to 09:00 and the strongest vitality. Under normal weather conditions, artificial pollination should be completed before 09:00, as well as before 10:00 in special weather. The method is to take the open male flower, flip the petals, expose the stamens, and smear the female flower stigma. Smear lightly and distribute the pollen evenly. One male flower can be smeared with 3 to 5 female flowers.

5. Disease and pest control of watermelon

(1) anthrax

Watermelon anthracnose is a fungal disease with low-lying terrain, poor drainage, or too much nitrogen fertilizer, poor ventilation and serious disease in continuous cropping land. Watermelons harvested in seriously ill fields or after rain also become ill during storage and transportation. At the initial stage of the disease, 70% methyl topiramate was sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times, or 25% pyrazolyl EC 2000-3000 times, once every 7-10 days, for two or three consecutive times.

(2) cataplexy

The disease mainly occurs when the seedlings grow one or two true leaves, and after 3 true leaves, the disease is less. Seed treatment can be done with a 500-fold solution of 72.2% aldicarb hydrochloric acid, or 50% formalin wettable powder is mixed with 0.2%-0.3% of the seed quality. 68.75% of aldicarb hydrochloride flunomide suspension 800-1200 times or 69% enoyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder 1000-1500 times can be sprayed in the field, once at an interval of 5 to 7 days.

(3) Fusarium wilt

Watermelon wilt, also known as wilt disease, occurred seriously in the old watermelon planting areas in Henan Province. at the initial stage of the disease, the leaves gradually wilted from back to front, like a lack of water, which was the most obvious at noon. First of all, select disease-resistant varieties, implement rotation with other crops, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and increase the application of phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. Before planting slow seedlings or at the initial stage of sporadic disease, the roots can be irrigated with 5% carbendazim solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, with the amount of 0.25kg per plant and continuous prevention and treatment for two or three times according to the disease.

(4) melon aphid

Melon aphid is cotton aphid, commonly known as honey worm. Adult aphids or nymphs cluster on the back of leaves and tender tips to suck juice and secrete honeydew. after melon seedlings and growing points are killed, the leaves curl, growth stagnates, and even wilts and dies. If the leaves are damaged in the adult stage, they can wither ahead of time, shorten the melon setting period and reduce the yield. Melon aphid develops rapidly and has strong fecundity. It can develop and reproduce at 10-30 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 16-22 ℃. Under the suitable temperature and humidity, a generation can be completed every 5-6 days. Chemical control can use 5% imidacloprid EC, 3% acetamiprid EC, or 2.5% fenvalerate EC, 50% methotrexate EC 2000 × 4000 times, these insecticidal can not be used for a single long-term, easy to produce resistance, promote the rotational use of several pesticides.