What is the high yield of Chaotian pepper in Solanaceae? What are the key points of planting techniques?

Chaotian pepper, also known as Wangtian pepper, small pepper, is a common perennial plant in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shanxi, Guangxi and other places. it is favored by pepper eaters because it is smaller than other chili peppers and is very spicy. At present, it is planted in many areas. what varieties of Chaotian pepper have high yield? What are the key points of planting techniques?

I. Variety selection

The varieties with high yield, high quality, wide adaptability, resistance to diseases and insect pests and good commodity were selected.

1. High quality varieties of Chaotian pepper

(1) Red in the sky

It has good disease resistance and wide adaptability. Medium-ripe varieties, good fruit shape, 6-8 fruits per cluster, good commercial quality. The fruit is 6 cm long, 1 cm thick and 1.2 cm thick, and the single fruit weighs about 5 grams. The plant is tall, the branching force is strong, the disease resistance is strong, the yield is high.

(2) Shengnong Chaotian No.2

It has good disease resistance and wide adaptability. Early-maturing varieties with good fruit shape, 6-8 fruits per cluster. The yield is high, the fruit is about 6 cm long and 0.9-1.1 cm thick. The peel is thin, the spicy taste is very strong, the commodity of fresh fruit is good, and the quality of dried fruit is excellent.

2. Erect solitary Chaotian pepper varieties

red phoenix in morning sun

Mid-early maturity, fruit length 5 cm 7 cm, fruit diameter 0.8 cm 1.2 cm, single fruit weight 4 g, high yield. Strong spicy taste, fruit shape is neat and consistent, suitable for the production of green and red peppers and dried peppers, is a good variety suitable for processing and export. Strong disease resistance, heat and humidity resistance, high fruit setting rate, good commerciality.

3. Solitary Chaotian pepper varieties

Shan Feng

Mid-early maturity, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability. Strong growth, long harvest time, high continuous fruit setting rate and high yield. The pericarp is medium-thick, spicy, dark in color and good in merchandise. The fruit is 5 cm long and 0.9 cm thick, and the weight of a single fruit is about 5 grams.

II. Planting techniques

1. Seed germination

Before raising seedlings and sowing seeds, it is necessary to accelerate the germination of pepper seeds, which can promote the emergence of pepper seedlings quickly and improve the emergence rate. The specific method is as follows: put the seeds dried in the sun for 1-2 days into a cloth bag, soak the seeds in warm water of 50-55 ℃ for 10-15 minutes, and stir continuously. After soaking the seeds in warm water, the seeds were moved into the water of about 30 ℃, continued to soak for 12 hours for 24 hours, and then put into a thermal insulation container of 20 ℃ to accelerate germination. Rinse the seeds with about 25 ℃ of warm water once a day, turn the seeds up and down for 4 days, and sow the seeds after they were exposed to white.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

(1) selection of seedbed

Select fertile land with flat terrain, ventilation to the sun, close to water source and loose soil, ploughing 20cm to 30cm before winter for freezing and curing. But must not be in the same piece of land continuous stubble seedling, there are underground pests in the land should be chemical control. The area of the seedbed is determined according to the area planted in the field, generally planting 1 mu of Chaotian pepper requires 15 square meters of seedlings and about 150 grams of seeds.

(2) Seedling bed finishing

10-15 days before sowing, 5000 kg of fully mature high-quality farm manure, 30 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of urea were applied per mu, and the soil was raked evenly so that the soil and fertilizer were evenly mixed and made into a flat bed 1.2-1.5 meters wide. The seedling bed requires that the border be flat, the ridge is straight, and the soil in the border is loose and bumpy.

(3) sowing at the right time

In western Henan, the seeds are usually sown in the morning of sunny days in late February and early March. Before sowing, pour enough bottom water into the border, and then mix the seeds with 2 to 3 times of fine soil, mix them evenly, and sprinkle them in the seedling bed to restore and sow several times to ensure uniform sowing, and then cover them with a fine soil of about 1 centimeter, covering them evenly to prevent the seeds from exposing the ground. Set up a small plastic film arch shed or cover the plastic film on the greenhouse in time after sowing to prevent freezing and increase temperature.

(4) Seedling bed management

The ground in the border should be kept moist from sowing to emergence to prevent the soil from hardening. When the seedlings are unearthed, the cotyledons can be irrigated once to make the cotyledons straight and take root and stabilize the seedlings. Keep the temperature of the nursery bed at 20: 30 ℃ during the day and 15: 20 ℃ at night, and keep the temperature in the nursery bed no more than 30 ℃ during the daytime. In fine weather, it should be properly ventilated and cooled to prevent leaf burns; cover the grass curtain before the strong wind and cold current to prevent frostbite seedlings. In order to prevent seedlings from growing into tall seedlings, we should pay attention to timely ventilation and ventilation.

7-10 days before transplanting, the vents were gradually enlarged until the seedlings were exposed with plastic film, so as to reduce the temperature of the seedling bed and strengthen the seedling exercise to slow down the seedlings after transplanting. When the surface of the bed soil is dry, choose to water and moisturize on a sunny morning, and when the humidity in the bed is too high, ventilation and dehumidification should be carried out.

3. Field planting

(1) Daejeon preparation

Chaotian pepper likes stubble land, so it is not suitable for continuous cropping. It is necessary to select non-lowland where eggplant fruit vegetables have not been planted in 2 to 3 years, and deep ploughing frozen rice before winter. Spring soil preparation to deep ploughing fine rake, so that the soil is not bumpy, ploughing depth of about 25 centimeters.

(2) Fertilizer

The optimized formula fertilization was carried out according to the fertilization principle of "the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and the supplement of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer". The high-quality organic fertilizers suitable for pollution-free production are compost, barnyard manure, mature human and animal manure, green manure, mature crop straw, cake fertilizer and so on. Allowed limited use of chemical fertilizers and micro-fertilizers are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, phosphate fertilizer (diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, etc.), potash fertilizer (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, etc.), zinc (zinc sulfate), boron (borax) and so on. Combined with soil preparation in spring, 70 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25 kg of potassium sulfate, 50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 3000-5000 kg of soil fertilizer are applied per mu. Make the border in time after soil preparation, 60-70 cm wide, 50 cm narrow, 10-15 cm high, covered with plastic film. It is required to complete the soil preparation 7-10 days before transplanting.

(3) transplanting method

Grain Rain was transplanted after breaking frost (middle and late April), one row and two rows, the plant spacing was about 15 cm per plant, 25 cm between two plants, and the cultivation density was 8000000 plants / mu and 5000 plants / mu, respectively. When transplanting, get rid of diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, miscellaneous seedlings and mutants.

4. Field management

(1) Water management

After the slow seedling stage of transplanting, either watering or less watering is necessary to increase the soil temperature and promote the development of root system. The fruit yield of Chaotian pepper is mainly concentrated on the lateral branches, so about 20 days after transplanting, we should pick the heart in time, limit the growth of the main stem and promote the lateral branches in order to obtain high yield.

(2) Fertilizer management

After setting fruit, gradually increase the amount of water. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, 2%-3% urea solution, 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2% borax solution should be sprayed on the leaf surface at the initial stage of fruit setting, respectively, to carry out extra-root topdressing and supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer.

(3) Disease control:

① anthracnose

Spray 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600-800 times or 50% polysulfide suspension 600-fold solution to control anthracnose.

② blight, early blight

Use 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times 700 times to control blight and early blight.

③ virus disease

Spray 20% virus A600 times solution or 1.5% phytolin 1000 times solution to prevent and control virus.

5. Harvest

The fruits of colorful peppers planted in the open field generally begin to mature one after another in mid-late August, so they should be picked and cut in time to increase profits and improve economic benefits. the cut mature peppers can also be put on the market or hung in a ventilated and dry place to dry into peppers for consumption or for sale as commercial peppers.