What are the main pollutants in edible vegetables? Is it safe to have wormholes? What are the ways to remove pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables?

In the modern era of industrialization and science and technology, people's life is becoming more and more convenient, but the food safety problems that follow are constantly sounding the alarm. So what are the main pollutants in edible vegetables? Is it safe to have wormholes? What are the ways to remove pesticide residues?

What are the main pollutants in edible vegetables?

At present, the main pollutants in vegetables in China are pesticide residues, nitrates, heavy metals and so on. The problem of biological pollution has also begun to attract attention, but as most of the vegetables eaten by Chinese consumers are cooked food, the cooking process can inactivate microorganisms, as long as they do not eat unheated vegetables or wash them thoroughly before eating. the harm of biological pollution to the human body can basically be avoided.

1. Pesticide residues: especially the organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues which produce the most varieties, use the most and are most likely to cause strong poisoning reactions. Long-term consumption of unqualified vegetables contaminated by pesticides will lead to chronic pesticide poisoning.

two。 Nitrate: easy to enrich in vegetables, it is not toxic, but in the human body is reduced to nitrite, nitrite can be synthesized into carcinogenic nitrosamines, leading to canceration of the digestive system. Studies have shown that vegetables cooked for longer periods have significantly increased nitrite content, so it is recommended not to eat vegetables stored overnight after cooking.

3. Heavy metals in vegetables mainly come from the discharge of industrial "three wastes" and municipal garbage, sludge and chemical fertilizers and pesticides containing heavy metals. Toxic heavy metals mainly refer to cadmium and chromium, as well as lead pollution caused by automobile exhaust. Although the pollution of heavy metals generally does not cause acute poisoning, its long-term accumulation will pose a potential threat to human health.

Second, are vegetables with wormeyes safe?

1. Many people think that vegetables with wormholes are safer than those with complete appearance, indicating that pesticides are not used. This is actually a misunderstanding of consumption. The presence or absence of wormeyes in vegetables cannot be used as a sign of the safety of vegetables.

two。 Many insect eyes can only indicate that there have been insect pests, not that they have not been sprayed with pesticides. If the leaves of vegetables leave wormeyes when they are young, the wormeyes will increase with the leaves. Sometimes vegetables with many insects will be sprayed more by vegetable farmers in order to kill these pests.

3. Pests are also resistant to insecticides, and once they develop resistance, vegetable farmers often need to increase the dose to be effective. Therefore, to see whether vegetables have pesticide residues can not just look at whether it has insect eyes.

What are the ways to remove pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables?

1. Running water washing and soaking method: the pesticides contaminated by vegetables are mainly organophosphorus pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides are insoluble in water, this method can only remove some of the contaminated pesticides. However, washing is the basic method to remove other dirt and pesticide residues from vegetables and fruits, which is mainly used in leafy vegetables, such as spinach, golden needle, leek, lettuce, Chinese cabbage and so on. Generally, rinse off the surface dirt repeatedly with water, then soak in clean water for 15 minutes and then rinse with running water two or three times. Fruit and vegetable cleaning agents can increase the dissolution of pesticides, so a small amount of fruit and vegetable cleaning agents can be added when washing.

two。 Running water washing and soaking in alkaline water: organophosphorus pesticides decompose rapidly in alkaline environment, so this method is an effective measure to remove pesticide pollution. Can be used for all kinds of vegetables, melons and fruits. The method is to rinse the surface dirt clean first, soak it in alkali water (usually add 5 to 10 grams of alkali surface in 500 ml of water) for 5 to 10 minutes, and then rinse with clean water for 3 to 5 times.

3. Peeling method: the amount of agricultural chemicals on the surface of vegetables, melons and fruits is relatively large, so peeling is a better method to remove pesticide residues. Can be used for apples, pears, kiwifruit, cucumbers, carrots, wax gourd, pumpkin, zucchini, eggplant, radish and so on.

4. Storage: pesticides can be slowly decomposed into substances that are harmless to the human body over time during storage. Therefore, the easily preserved melons, fruits and vegetables can be stored for a certain period of time to reduce pesticide residues. It is suitable for non-perishable species such as pumpkin and wax gourd. At the same time, it is recommended not to eat freshly picked unpeeled fruits immediately.

5. Heating method: carbamate insecticides can decompose faster with the increase of temperature. Therefore, for some vegetables and fruits which are difficult to deal with by other methods, some pesticides can be removed by heating. Commonly used in celery, spinach, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, green pepper, cauliflower, beans and so on. First wash the surface dirt with clean water, put it in boiling water for 2 to 5 minutes, and then wash it with clean water once or twice.

However, we should not worry too much. At present, many vegetables are grown from organic fertilizer, and we can trace back to the source to see the whole growth process. It is also good for us to buy them.