How to make a loan without asset collateral

On August 24, the State Council issued the guidance on the pilot Project of Mortgage loan for Rural contracted Land and Farmers' Housing property Rights (hereinafter referred to as "opinions"). It is pointed out that it is necessary to cautiously and steadily promote the pilot projects of mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers' housing property rights, and do a good job in the pilot work of rural contracted land (refers to cultivated land) and farmers' housing property rights mortgage loans.

As we all know, one of the important reasons for the difficulty of farmers' loans is the lack of loan collateral, which is mainly because China's property Law clearly stipulates that collectively owned land use rights such as cultivated land, homestead, private land and private mountains shall not be mortgaged. For farmers' main assets, houses and arable land, cultivated land is clearly forbidden to be mortgaged, while houses are forbidden to mortgage. A house without a homestead is meaningless, so it is also an egg. But! Putting aside the pilot project in the opinion, is it impossible to make a loan without a mortgage? No, there can be a variety of loans without a mortgage. Let's take an inventory together:

I. order agricultural loan

Order agriculture, also known as contract agriculture, refers to an agricultural production and marketing model in which farmers and purchasers of agricultural products (leading agricultural enterprises, etc.) sign orders, and then organize and arrange the production of agricultural products. The order agricultural loan is a special loan for farmers who sign agricultural orders, which is used for the cultivation of food crops, vegetables and fruits organized to meet the requirements of the order. expenditure arising from the breeding of animal products and aquatic products and the processing of agricultural products with local characteristics and their logistics.

The operation mode of order agriculture is different in different places, but its basic ideas are the same, that is, under the protection of orders, farmers' credit has been improved, so long as there is a guarantee provided by agricultural products purchasing enterprises or the government. Farmers sign contracts to guarantee loans for special agricultural production, then financial institutions are willing to provide loans, why not!

II. Credit loan

The construction of rural credit system is one of the means for the state to support small and micro financing and develop inclusive finance in rural areas, such as family farms, farmers, small and micro enterprises and so on. By establishing credit files and carrying out credit evaluation for small and micro subjects in rural areas, credit loans can discover and enhance the credit value of farmers, family farms and other economic entities, and improve their financing convenience. For example, some farmers with good credit will be rated as credit users by local rural credit cooperatives and issue "credit user loan certificates". With the loan certificates, they can get a certain amount of low-interest loans, and the development of agricultural production will be guaranteed from then on. By the end of December 2014, a total of 160 million farmers had established credit files, and 100 million of them had conducted credit assessments. More than 90.12 million farmers who had established credit files received credit support, with a loan balance of 2.2 trillion yuan.

III. Multi-family joint guarantee loan

Multi-household joint guarantee loans are issued to farmers and self-employed households by financial institutions such as rural credit cooperatives to support agricultural production or self-employed household operating turnover, and are formed by farmers and self-employed households on a voluntary basis (generally composed of 4-6 borrowers without direct family relationship). Loans jointly guaranteed by members shall be subject to "one-time approval, loan on demand, quota control" The management method of "turnover".

IV. Loans from farmers' mutual aid cooperatives

In December 2006, the CBRC issued several opinions on adjusting and relaxing the access Policy of Banking Financial institutions in Rural areas, allowing farmers and small rural enterprises in rural areas to initiate the establishment of community credit cooperation organizations that serve shareholding members and carry out democratic management of members. On February 4, 2007, the China Banking Regulatory Commission issued the Model articles of Association of Rural Mutual funds.

The Farmers' Fund Mutual Union is an independent enterprise legal person, and its establishment must be approved by the local banking regulatory body. It is a community mutual banking financial institution that provides deposits, loans, settlement and other services for its members. Its funds mainly come from the investment of farmers and enterprises, the accumulation of cooperatives, government support and social donations, the funds should be deposited in the escrow accounts set up by formal financial institutions, the cooperatives carry out independent management, and the "loan examination and approval group" is selected by the members. The object of the loan is only within the members, and the use of the loan is limited to serve agricultural production and operation activities.

V. innovative "government, banking and insurance" loans

In order to give full play to the incentive and policy-oriented role of financial funds for supporting agriculture, innovate financing guarantee services, and pry social capital into the development of agricultural industry, various parts of our country have innovated and launched the business of "government, bank and insurance".

The "government banking insurance" is a new type of financing product which is guaranteed by funds invested by the government, banks and other financial institutions provide loans to those who meet the loan conditions, and insurance companies provide guarantee insurance for the above-mentioned loans. Take Huicheng District, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province as an example, local government departments recommend borrowers within the scope of the "four major business entities" to cooperative banks; cooperative banks issue loans to operators who meet the loan requirements; cooperative insurance companies provide guarantee insurance services for the principal of the above loans. When a default occurs, the government department, the cooperative bank and the cooperative insurance company shall bear the liability for overdue payment of the loan according to the agreement signed, in which the insurance company bears the risk with 1.5 times of the premium and the government bears the limited liability with the deposit.

VI. Internet Financial loans in Rural areas

At present, there are mainly three types of agriculture-related service enterprises in society, including three rural service providers represented by Village Music, Great Beinong, New Hope and Nuopxin, and e-commerce enterprises represented by one mu of farmland, Huinong Network, JD.com and Taobao. Internet financial enterprises represented by Yixin, Ant Financial Services Group, Kaixin loan and Yilong loan, these enterprises have been deeply rooted in the fields of rural production, circulation and consumption for many years. Accumulated a huge amount of peasant household transaction data, these data have now become an important asset of enterprises-big data resources. With big data's ability to judge the credit of farmers, these large agriculture-related enterprises have been involved in rural Internet financial business, providing credit loans to farmers, such as agricultural bank loans and rich loans for farmers. Village loan, village financing and other products.

Of course, these loans are innovated under the background that the property rights of farmers' uncles are not fully improved, and in the future, with the straightening out of farmers' property rights and the development of rural Internet finance, I believe that farmers' loans will no longer be a difficult problem.