Why does balsam pear suffer from "toad grapes"? How much half a kilo? (with grafting technique of balsam pear)

It is said that good medicine tastes bitter to the disease, and balsam pear is the best representative of food. Balsam pear fruit taste sweet and bitter, the main vegetables, but also sugar stains; mature pulp and aril can also be eaten. So why is balsam pear bitter? What are the grafting techniques of balsam pear? 2018 how much is balsam pear per jin? Details are as follows:

Why is balsam pear bitter?

The bitter taste of balsam pear is caused by two substances, one is melons unique to melons, mainly in the form of glycosides, the other substance is called wild Fresh Cucumber Juice enzyme, if these two substances exist at the same time, there will be bitterness. In fact, these are plant-synthesized "natural pesticides" that are used to resist adverse environments such as diseases and insect pests.

2. Grafting technique of balsam pear

Select suitable rootstock and scion varieties: choose melon varieties with good affinity and strong stress resistance as rootstocks, Yunnan black seed pumpkin and local mopan pumpkin are suitable at present; scion varieties are generally selected from local landlords, such as "Longdu balsam pear No.1", Damazi balsam pear and local big white balsam pear bred by Zigong Agricultural Science Institute.

1. Soaking seeds, preparing nutritious soil and sowing seeds at the right time.

Seed soaking treatment: the selected balsam pear shells will be broken before sowing, be careful not to hurt the kernels. Then soak the seeds of balsam pear and pumpkin in warm soup, soak them in hot water of 55-60 ℃, and stir them constantly to make the seeds heated evenly. After 10-20 minutes, wait for the water temperature to drop to about 30% to continue soaking, balsam pear seeds are generally soaked for 8-10 hours, pumpkin seeds are soaked for 8 hours, then wash off the mucus with clean water, soak them, pick them up, spread them in a porcelain plate, cover them with a double-layer wet cloth, and put them into a 28-32 ℃ incubator to accelerate germination. If there is no thermostat, you can use an electric blanket to promote germination, during which the seeds should be taken out and washed 1-2 times a day to wash off the liquid and promote germination. The seeds can be sown after germination.

Preparation of nutrient soil: pumpkin sowing and breeding must use a nutrition bowl. The preparation of nutrition soil is to mix the soil which has not been planted for many years with rotten barnyard manure or compost according to the proportion of 3:1. Every cubic meter of nutrient soil is sprayed with 50kg of mature human and animal manure and 1.0kg calcium superphosphate, sprayed with 50 times of 40% formalin or mixed with 100g carbendazim or 200g chlorothalonil, covered with film for 10-15 days. Let it fully ferment and disinfect, spread it out and turn it to dry for 7 days, then load it into a nutrition bowl. Pure land should be used for sowing and raising seedlings of balsam pear to prevent diseases at seedling stage.

Sowing at the right time: according to the climatic characteristics of Zigong for many years and farmers' cultivation habits, it is generally better to sow before stinging. If sowing and raising seedlings in advance, they should use electric hotbed or soil hotbed to raise seedlings. Generally, pumpkin should be sowed 3-5 days earlier than balsam pear.

2. Timely grafting and strengthening the management of grafted seedlings: when pumpkin grows true (heart) leaves, and balsam pear seedlings grow to one leaf, they can be grafted. Cloudy, windless and humid weather are the most suitable for grafting. Before grafting, the seedbed should be watered properly. The methods of grafting are top insertion and needle grafting.

The top insertion method first prepares two small bamboo sticks that are 8 cm long, 0.5 cm wide and 0.25 cm thick, and cuts one end of the bamboo stick to grow a small slope of about 1 cm. When grafting, the true leaves of pumpkin are cut off with a grafting blade, then the bamboo stick is obliquely inserted at the top of cotyledons in the same direction as cotyledons, the hypocotyls of balsam pear are cut into wedges, the bamboo sticks inserted in rootstocks are pulled out, and the hypocotyls of balsam pear are inserted into the section of pumpkin. Finally, it is fixed with a grafting clip.

In the needle grafting method, the true leaves of pumpkin are cut off and flattened with a grafting blade, and then the hypocotyls of balsam pear are cut off, then one end of the grafting needle is inserted into the hypocotyls of balsam pear, and the other end is inserted into the top of the cotyledons of pumpkin seedlings. It is required that the plane of the hypocotyls of bitter gourd seedlings should be in contact with the top of the cotyledons of pumpkin seedlings as far as possible, and finally fixed with grafting clips.

Grafting should be covered while grafting, and after grafting, shading treatment should be carried out with black film. The next 1-3 days should be covered with shade, heat preservation and moisturizing all day, then shaded from 10:00 to 3 p.m. every day according to weather conditions, and transparent in the rest of the day; the temperature in the small arch shed should be controlled at 32 ℃ during the day, 20 ℃ at night, and the humidity should be controlled at about 90%. See the light all day after 7 days, and gradually carry out the treatment of ventilation and cooling seedlings, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃ in the daytime and 15% at night.

Three or 2018 balsam pear. How much is it per jin?