Water of Life Why is the vine pruned? What time is it trimmed in summer? How to prune?

Grape is a common fruit in autumn in China, which is deeply loved by people because of its sweet meat and rich in a variety of nutrients needed by the human body. It can be used not only to make wine, but also to make raisins, so it has high economic value. In order to achieve high yield, in addition to simple planting techniques, we also need to prune and shape the grapes, so why should the vines be pruned? When will it be trimmed in summer? How to prune?

Why should the grapes be pruned?

1. Prolong the growth years: grapes are perennials, which can bear fruit in the second year after planting, and the fruit trees can live for about 150 years, but can bear fruit for about 20-40 years. The purpose of pruning is to effectively prolong the growth years of fruit trees, so that the branches can renew their metabolism and delay aging.

2. Promote nutrient absorption: after the grapevine grows to a certain time, the main branch will take root and grow rapidly, absorbing a large amount of nutrients, so that the lateral branches lack nutrition and can not grow normally, so pruning can effectively promote the physiological activity of pruning and branching, strengthen the nutrient absorption of various parts, and enhance the dredging effect, so as to promote the tree yield year after year.

3. Improve ventilation: when the vines grow for a certain period of time, there will be random growth, wild growth, branches and other phenomena, blocking the plant to absorb light, while pruning and shaping can effectively improve ventilation, let the sun shine on every part, and enhance photosynthesis.

What are the advantages of grape pruning?

1. Promote the nutrient adequacy of the branches: the pruned grapevines will reduce the number of flower buds, effectively improve the uniform distribution of nutrients, make the plants grow better, and at the same time improve ventilation and light effect, so that the remaining branches have sufficient nutrients.

2. Adjust the amount of fruit: there is a certain relationship between the amount of fruit and the number of buds in the grapevine. If there are many buds, the yield will be high, which will cause a certain load capacity to the tree and affect the grape fruit. At the same time, it will also affect the flower bud differentiation and branch maturity in the same year, which is not conducive to flowering and fruiting in the next year.

3. Cultivate reasonable tree structure: the pruning and shaping of grape can not only effectively change the shape, but also promote the nutrient uniformity of each branch, effectively differentiate flower buds, which is beneficial to the fruit of the next year. At the same time, it can also make the tree grow better and delay aging.

Third, how to trim the grapes in summer?

1. When is the best time to prune vines in summer?

It is usually best trimmed around June.

2. What is the standard for pruning vines?

The pruning standard of grape is directly related to the variety of grape, the age of the tree, the amount of fruit and the strength of the tree, so the appropriate pruning method can be adopted according to the specific conditions of the vine. In general, grape pruning methods include sparse bud pruning, long shoot pruning, short shoot pruning, double branch pruning and so on. Let's take a look at the various standard pruning methods:

(1) thinning method: the method of thinning is to cut off twigs, residual branches, diseased branches, weak branches and other useless branches.

(2) short pruning method: short shoots are cut off at 2-3 buds, usually for newly loaded young trees.

(3) medium pruning method: this method is generally pruning the missing plant parts, the purpose is to increase the number of branches and leaves, so that the whole space is uniform, usually 3-5 buds pruning.

(4) long shoot pruning and ultra-long slight pruning: this method is mainly to prolong the main vine, which can be used by family potted plants or small shed planting. Usually 6-12 buds can be pruned.

(5) double-branch renewal: this method is mainly to avoid dense shelf surface, resulting in lack of nutrition. Generally, on the basis of last year's pruning, 1-2 buds are left on each of the two branches for pruning.

(6) single branch renewal: this method is generally aimed at the new shoots with two branches, the specific method is to cut off one of the original two branches, and then truncate the remaining branches.

(7) large and small renewal: the main purpose of big renewal is to cultivate a new mother vine, and the main purpose of small renewal is to remove weak and small branches to make the tree nutritious and prolong the fruiting life.

3. What are the summer pruning techniques for grapevines?

(1) wiping buds

During the period from the beginning of new shoot growth to leaf expansion, late breeding buds, over-dense buds, poorly developed buds or useless hidden buds can be removed to leave robust and better flower buds to grow.

(2) fixed tip

After the inflorescence of the grapevine grows, the shoots can be fixed where the inflorescence is few, stunted and too dense. Generally, the best pruning should be in the obvious position with or without inflorescence, but when pruning, it should be carried out according to the seedling variety, fruit quantity and tree potential growth. In general, one new shoot can be left in 10cm where there is a single hedge vine, and one new shoot can be left in 10~15cm in the place of double hedge vine, and about 20 new shoots should be left in the scaffolding per square meter. If the differentiation rate of the fruit vine is low and the plant load is insufficient, in addition to leaving all the fruit vines, according to the density of the shelf surface, a certain number of development vines should be left.

(3) pick the heart

When the grape just grows to full bloom, one inflorescence can be left in about 6-8 leaves, and the tender shoots at the apex can be removed: when the main vine grows to 16-20 leaves, and when the reserve vine grows to 8-10 leaves, it will be coring.

(4) pinching leaves

After growing for a period of time, useless branches and leaves such as residual leaves and diseased leaves can be removed to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

(5) thinning flowers

Two weeks before the grape blossoms, the extra or weak inflorescences can be removed, if the branches are weak, a few inflorescences can be left, and if the branches are strong, there is no need for Shu inflorescences.

(6) go to the auxiliary tip

After the vine grows new shoots, each new shoot will grow some secondary shoots, so after the secondary shoots sprout, the whole secondary shoots should be removed so as not to absorb nutrients, resulting in a lack of nutrients and affecting the growth of the whole plant.

(7) remove tendrils

During the growth of the vine, some tendrils grow, and tendrils, like branches, absorb a lot of nutrients, so when pruning, the tendrils can be removed at the same time to ensure uniform nutrition of the whole plant.

(8) tie up new shoots

When the new tip of the vine grows to 30~40cm, it can be supported by a tripod below to help the plant maintain good ventilation and avoid being broken by strong winds. If there is a bigger and stronger support, it is best to support the whole vine so that the whole vine can absorb the light.

4. Pruning matters needing attention

(1) when trimming, the cut must be smooth and smooth, and do not leave stubble, so as to avoid bacterial infection. At the same time, when pruning, it is best to 1~2cm in the bud eye, lest the bud be air-dried, make the bud lose nutrients, wither and die.

(2) the cut after pruning must be protected in time with wound protectants to avoid bacterial infection and death of the plant.

(3) when pruning branches, it is best to avoid mouth-to-mouth injuries, so as to avoid tree infection and seasonal damage, resulting in tree weakness.